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Issues Involved:
The judgment involves the interpretation of the term "manufacture" under section 32A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, specifically in relation to the claim for investment allowance by a partnership firm engaged in the production of small iron pieces from big iron ingots. Judgment Details: Claim for Investment Allowance: The partnership firm claimed deduction under section 32A of the Act for the assessment year 1980-81, asserting that its machinery was used for manufacturing small iron pieces from big iron ingots. The Assessing Officer initially denied the claim, stating that no manufacturing was involved. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner considered the operation as processing, not manufacturing. However, the Tribunal concluded that the disintegration of big boulders into small iron pieces constituted manufacturing, citing a decision of the Madras High Court. The Tribunal found that the use of a crane to convert big iron ingots into small pieces of iron qualified as a manufacturing activity, producing commercially different articles or things. The Commissioner of Income-tax sought a reference, which was accepted by the Tribunal and referred to the High Court under section 256(1). Interpretation of "Manufacture": The term "manufacture" under section 32A of the Act requires a transformation where a new and different article emerges with distinctive features. Not every change is considered manufacture; there must be a substantial transformation resulting in a distinct commercial commodity. Various legal precedents were cited to define manufacturing, emphasizing the emergence of a new substance or article with a unique name, character, or use. The courts have stressed that the processing of the original material must lead to the creation of a commercially different and distinct commodity to qualify as manufacturing. Conclusion: The High Court affirmed the Tribunal's finding that the partnership firm's activity resulted in the production of a different and distinctive commercial commodity, meeting the criteria for manufacturing under section 32A. The Court highlighted that factual conclusions, unless proven perverse or baseless, should not be overturned in reference jurisdiction. The judgment favored the assessee, upholding their claim for investment allowance under section 32A. The decision was unanimous, with no costs awarded. This summary encapsulates the key issues, legal interpretations, and conclusions of the judgment, providing a comprehensive overview of the case.
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