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Share-based Payment

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..... ods or services and the terms of the arrangement provide either the entity or the supplier of those goods or services with a choice of whether the entity settles the transaction in cash (or other assets) or by issuing equity instruments, except as noted in paragraphs 3A 6. In the absence of specifically identifiable goods or services, other circumstances may indicate that goods or services have been (or will be) received, in which case this Standard applies. 3 [Refer Appendix 1] 3A A share-based payment transaction may be settled by another group entity (or a shareholder of any group entity) on behalf of the entity receiving or acquiring the goods or services. Paragraph 2 also applies to an entity that (a) receives goods or services when another entity in the same group (or a shareholder of any group entity) has the obligation to settle the share-based payment transaction, or (b) has an obligation to settle a share-based payment transaction when another entity in the same group receives the goods or services unless the transaction is clearly for a purpose other than payment for goods or services supplied to the entity receiving them. 4 For the purposes of th .....

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..... d AS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation, or paragraphs 2.4 2.7 of Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. 6A This Standard uses the term fair value in a way that differs in some respects from the definition of fair value in Ind AS 113, Fair Value Measurement. Therefore, when applying Ind AS 102 an entity measures fair value in accordance with this Standard, not Ind AS 113. Recognition 7 An entity shall recognise the goods or services received or acquired in a share-based payment transaction when it obtains the goods or as the services are received. The entity shall recognise a corresponding increase in equity if the goods or services were received in an equity-settled share-based payment transaction, or a liability if the goods or services were acquired in a cash-settled share-based payment transaction. 8 When the goods or services received or acquired in a share-based payment transaction do not qualify for recognition as assets, they shall be recognised as expenses. 9 Typically, an expense arises from the consumption of goods or services. For example, services are typically consumed immediately, in which case an expense is recognised as the counterpar .....

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..... s. Usually, it is not possible to measure directly the services received for particular components of the employee s remuneration package. It might also not be possible to measure the fair value of the total remuneration package independently, without measuring directly the fair value of the equity instruments granted. Furthermore, shares or share options are sometimes granted as part of a bonus arrangement, rather than as a part of basic remuneration, eg as an incentive to the employees to remain in the entity s employment or to reward them for their efforts in improving the entity s performance. By granting shares or share options, in addition to other remuneration, the entity is paying additional remuneration to obtain additional benefits. Estimating the fair value of those additional benefits is likely to be difficult. Because of the difficulty of measuring directly the fair value of the services received, the entity shall measure the fair value of the employee services received by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. 13 To apply the requirements of paragraph 10 to transactions with parties other than employees, there shall be a rebuttable presumpti .....

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..... all account for those services as they are rendered by the counterparty during the vesting period, with a corresponding increase in equity. For example: (a) if an employee is granted share options conditional upon completing three years service, then the entity shall presume that the services to be rendered by the employee as consideration for the share options will be received in the future, over that three-year vesting period. (b) if an employee is granted share options conditional upon the achievement of a performance condition and remaining in the entity s employment until that performance condition is satisfied, and the length of the vesting period varies depending on when that performance condition is satisfied, the entity shall presume that the services to be rendered by the employee as consideration for the share options will be received in the future, over the expected vesting period. The entity shall estimate the length of the expected vesting period at grant date, based on the most likely outcome of the performance condition. If the performance condition is a market condition, the estimate of the length of the expected vesting period shall be consistent with the a .....

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..... date, Instead, vesting conditions, other than market conditions, shall be taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments included in the measurement of the transaction amount so that, ultimately, the amount recognised for goods or services received as consideration for the equity instruments granted shall be based on the number of equity instruments that eventually vest. Hence, on a cumulative basis, no amount is recognised for goods or services received if the equity instruments granted do not vest because of failure to satisfy a vesting condition, other than a market condition, for example, the counterparty fails to complete a specified service period, or a performance condition is not satisfied, subject to the requirements of paragraph 21. ] 20 To apply the requirements of paragraph 19, the entity shall recognise an amount for the goods or services received during the vesting period based on the best available estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest and shall revise that estimate, if necessary, if subsequent information indicates that the number of equity instruments expected to vest differs from previous estimates. On vesting date, the .....

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..... granted to employees, the credit given to an appropriate equity account, say, share options outstanding account (upon receiving the services) may be transferred to another appropriate equity account, say, General Reserves when the options are not exercised. 24 The requirements in paragraphs 16 23 apply when the entity is required to measure a share-based payment transaction by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. In rare cases, the entity may be unable to estimate reliably the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the measurement date, in accordance with the requirements in paragraphs 16 22. In these rare cases only, the entity shall instead: (a) measure the equity instruments at their intrinsic value, initially at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders service and subsequently at the end of each reporting period and at the date of final settlement, with any change in intrinsic value recognised in profit or loss. For a grant of share options, the share-based payment arrangement is finally settled when the options are exercised, are forfeited (eg upon cessation of employment) or lapse (eg at the .....

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..... options), which increases the fair value of those options. The requirements in paragraphs 27 29 to account for the effects of modifications are expressed in the context of share-based payment transactions with employees. However, the requirements shall also be applied to share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees that are measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. In the latter case, any references in paragraphs 27 29 to grant date shall instead refer to the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders service. 27 The entity shall recognise, as a minimum, the services received measured at the grant date fair value of the equity instruments granted, unless those equity instruments do not vest because of failure to satisfy a vesting condition (other than a market condition) that was specified at grant date. This applies irrespective of any modifications to the terms and conditions on which the equity instruments were granted, or a cancellation or settlement of that grant of equity instruments. In addition, the entity shall recognise the effects of modifications that increase the total fair value of the share .....

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..... r the cancelled equity instruments, the entity shall account for those new equity instruments as a new grant of equity instruments. 28A If an entity or counterparty can choose whether to meet a non-vesting condition, the entity shall treat the entity s or counterparty s failure to meet that non-vesting condition during the vesting period as a cancellation. 29 If an entity repurchases vested equity instruments, the payment made to the employee shall be accounted for as a deduction from equity, except to the extent that the payment exceeds the fair value of the equity instruments repurchased, measured at the repurchase date. Any such excess shall be recognised as an expense. Cash-settled share-based payment transactions 2 [ 30 For cash-settled share-based payment transactions, the entity shall measure the goods or services acquired and the liability incurred at the fair value of the liability, subject to the requirements of paragraphs 31 33D. Until the liability is settled, the entity shall remeasure the fair value of the liability at the end of each reporting period and at the date of settlement, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for th .....

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..... sification from cash-settled to equity-settled is given in paragraphs B44A B44C in Appendix B. ] 5 [ Treatment of vesting and non-vesting conditions 33A A cash-settled share-based payment transaction might be conditional upon satisfying specified vesting conditions. There might be performance conditions that must be satisfied, such as the entity achieving a specified growth in profit or a specified increase in the entity s share price. Vesting conditions, other than market conditions, shall not be taken into account when estimating the fair value of the cash-settled sharebased payment at the measurement date. Instead, vesting conditions, other than market conditions, shall be taken into account by adjusting the number of awards included in the measurement of the liability arising from the transaction. 33B To apply the requirements in paragraph 33A, the entity shall recognise an amount for the goods or services received during the vesting period. That amount shall be based on the best available estimate of the number of awards that are expected to vest. The entity shall revise that estimate, if necessary, if subsequent information indicates that the number of awards t .....

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..... no obligation on the entity under tax laws or regulations to withhold an amount for an employee s tax obligation associated with that share-based payment; or (b) any equity instruments that the entity withholds in excess of the employee s tax obligation associated with the share-based payment (i.e. the entity withheld an amount of shares that exceeds the monetary value of the employee s tax obligation). Such excess shares withheld shall be accounted for as a cashsettled share-based payment when this amount is paid in cash (or other assets) to the employee.] Share-based payment transactions with cash alternatives 34 For share-based payment transactions in which the terms of the arrangement provide either the entity or the counterparty with the choice of whether the entity settles the transaction in cash (or other assets) or by issuing equity instruments, the entity shall account for that transaction, or the components of that transaction, as a cash-settled share-based payment transaction if, and to the extent that, the entity has incurred a liability to settle in cash or other assets, or as an equity-settled share-based payment transaction if, and to the extent tha .....

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..... ally will be greater than zero, in which case the fair value of the compound financial instrument will be greater than the fair value of the debt component. 38 The entity shall account separately for the goods or services received or acquired in respect of each component of the compound financial instrument. For the debt component, the entity shall recognise the goods or services acquired, and a liability to pay for those goods or services, as the counterparty supplies goods or renders service, in accordance with the requirements applying to cash-settled share-based payment transactions (paragraphs 30 33). For the equity component (if any), the entity shall recognise the goods or services received, and an increase in equity, as the counterparty supplies goods or renders service, in accordance with the requirements applying to equity-settled share-based payment transactions (paragraphs 10 29). 39 At the date of settlement, the entity shall remeasure the liability to its fair value. If the entity issues equity instruments on settlement rather than paying cash, the liability shall be transferred direct to equity, as the consideration for the equity instruments issued. 40 If t .....

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..... otherwise have been issued, or the difference between the fair value of the equity instruments issued and the amount of cash that would otherwise have been paid, whichever is applicable. Share-based payment transactions among group entities 43A For share-based payment transactions among group entities, in its separate or individual financial statements, the entity receiving the goods or services shall measure the goods or services received as either an equity-settled or a cash-settled share-based payment transaction by assessing: (a) the nature of the awards granted, and (b) its own rights and obligations. The amount recognised by the entity receiving the goods or services may differ from the amount recognised by the consolidated group or by another group entity settling the share-based payment transaction. 43B The entity receiving the goods or services shall measure the goods or services received as an equity-settled share-based payment transaction when: (a) the awards granted are its own equity instruments, or (b) the entity has no obligation to settle the share-based payment transaction. The entity shall subsequently remeasure such an equity-set .....

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..... e at the date of exercise. If options were exercised on a regular basis throughout the period, the entity may instead disclose the weighted average share price during the period. (d) for share options outstanding at the end of the period, the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life. If the range of exercise prices is wide, the outstanding options shall be divided into ranges that are meaningful for assessing the number and timing of additional shares that may be issued and the cash that may be received upon exercise of those options. 46 An entity shall disclose information that enables users of the financial statements to understand how the fair value of the goods or services received, or the fair value of the equity instruments granted, during the period was determined. 47 If the entity has measured the fair value of goods or services received as consideration for equity instruments of the entity indirectly, by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted, to give effect to the principle in paragraph 46, the entity shall disclose at least the following: (a) for share options granted during the period, the weighted ave .....

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..... e principle in paragraph 50, the entity shall disclose at least the following: (a) the total expense recognised for the period arising from share-based payment transactions in which the goods or services received did not qualify for recognition as assets and hence were recognised immediately as an expense, including separate disclosure of that portion of the total expense that arises from transactions accounted for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions; (b) for liabilities arising from share-based payment transactions: (i) the total carrying amount at the end of the period; and (ii) the total intrinsic value at the end of the period of liabilities for which the counterparty s right to cash or other assets had vested by the end of the period (eg vested share appreciation rights). 6 [ 52 If the information required to be disclosed by this Standard does not satisfy the principles in paragraphs 44, 46 and 50, the entity shall disclose such additional information as is necessary to satisfy them. For example, if an entity has classified any share-based payment transactions as equity-settled in accordance with paragraph 33F, the entity shall disclose an estim .....

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..... sed Payment Transactions under Ind AS 102. Effective date 60-63C [Refer Appendix 1] 63D Amendments to Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions under Ind AS 102 amended paragraphs 19, 30 31, 33 and 52 and added paragraphs 33A 33H, 59A 59B, 63D and B44A B44C and their related headings. An entity shall apply those amendments for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2017.] 10 [ 63E Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in Ind AS issued in 2021 amended the footnote to the definition of an equity instrument in Appendix A. An entity shall apply that amendment for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April, 2021. An entity shall apply the amendment to Ind AS 102 retrospectively, in accordance with Ind AS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. However, if an entity determines that retrospective application would be impracticable or would involve undue cost or effort, it shall apply the amendment to Ind AS 102 by reference to paragraphs 23 28, 50 53 and 54F of Ind AS 8. ] Appendix A Defined terms This appendix is an integral part of the Ind AS. ca .....

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..... anged, a liability settled, or an equity instrument granted could be exchanged, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm s length transaction. grant date The date at which the entity and another party (including an employee) agree to a share-based payment arrangement , being when the entity and the counterparty have a shared understanding of the terms and conditions of the arrangement. At grant date the entity confers on the counterparty the right to cash, other assets, or equity instruments of the entity, provided the specified vesting conditions , if any, are met. If that agreement is subject to an approval process (for example, by shareholders), grant date is the date when that approval is obtained. intrinsic value The difference between the fair value of the shares to which the counterparty has the (conditional or unconditional) right to subscribe or which it has the right to receive, and the price (if any) the counterparty is (or will be) required to pay for those shares. For example, a share option with an exercise price of ₹ 15, on a share with a fair value of ₹ 20, .....

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..... target is defined by reference to: (a) the entity s own operations (or activities) or the operations or activities of another entity in the same group (ie a non-market condition); or (b) the price (or value) of the entity s equity instruments or the equity instruments of another entity in the same group (including shares and share options ) (ie a market condition ). A performance target might relate either to the performance of the entity as a whole or to some part of the entity (or part of the group), such as a division or an individual employee. reload feature A feature that provides for an automatic grant of additional share options whenever the option holder exercises previously granted options using the entity s shares, rather than cash, to satisfy the exercise price. reload option A new share option granted when a share is used to satisfy the exercise price of a previous share option. service condition A vesting condition that req .....

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..... vesting condition A condition that determine whether the entity receives the services that entitle the counterparty to receive cash, other assets or equity instruments of the entity, under a share-based payment arrangement . A vesting condition is either a service condition or a performance condition . vesting period The period during which all the specified vesting conditions of a share-based payment arrangement are to be satisfied. Appendix B Application guidance This appendix is an integral part of the Ind AS. Estimating the fair value of equity instruments granted B1 Paragraphs B2 B41 of this appendix discuss measurement of the fair value of shares and share options granted, focusing on the specific terms and conditions that are common features of a grant of shares or share options to employees. Therefore, it is not exhaustive. Furthermore, because the valuation issues discussed below focus on shares and share options granted to employees, it is assumed that the fair value of the shares or share options is measured at grant date. However, many of the valuation i .....

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..... rcised early. These factors should be considered when estimating the grant date fair value of the options. For many entities, this might preclude the use of the Black-Scholes-Merton formula, which does not allow for the possibility of exercise before the end of the option s life and may not adequately reflect the effects of expected early exercise. It also does not allow for the possibility that expected volatility and other model inputs might vary over the option s life. However, for share options with relatively short contractual lives, or that must be exercised within a short period of time after vesting date, the factors identified above may not apply. In these instances, the Black-Scholes-Merton formula may produce a value that is substantially the same as a more flexible option pricing model. B6 All option pricing models take into account, as a minimum, the following factors: (a) the exercise price of the option; (b) the life of the option; (c) the current price of the underlying shares; (d) the expected volatility of the share price; (e) the dividends expected on the shares (if appropriate); and (f) the risk-free interest rate for the life of the option. .....

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..... on available at the grant date. B12 Often, there is likely to be a range of reasonable expectations about future volatility, dividends and exercise behaviour. If so, an expected value should be calculated, by weighting each amount within the range by its associated probability of occurrence. B13 Expectations about the future are generally based on experience, modified if the future is reasonably expected to differ from the past. In some circumstances, identifiable factors may indicate that unadjusted historical experience is a relatively poor predictor of future experience. For example, if an entity with two distinctly different lines of business disposes of the one that was significantly less risky than the other, historical volatility may not be the best information on which to base reasonable expectations for the future. B14 In other circumstances, historical information may not be available. For example, a newly listed entity will have little, if any, historical data on the volatility of its share price. Unlisted and newly listed entities are discussed further below. B15 In summary, an entity should not simply base estimates of volatility, exercise behaviour and div .....

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..... rcise options on highly volatile shares earlier than on shares with low volatility. B19 As noted in paragraph B17, the effects of early exercise could be taken into account by using an estimate of the option s expected life as an input into an option pricing model. When estimating the expected life of share options granted to a group of employees, the entity could base that estimate on an appropriately weighted average expected life for the entire employee group or on appropriately weighted average lives for subgroups of employees within the group, based on more detailed data about employees exercise behaviour (discussed further below). B20 Separating an option grant into groups for employees with relatively homogeneous exercise behaviour is likely to be important. Option value is not a linear function of option term; value increases at a decreasing rate as the term lengthens. For example, if all other assumptions are equal, although a two-year option is worth more than a one-year option, it is not worth twice as much. That means that calculating estimated option value on the basis of a single weighted average life that includes widely differing individual lives would overst .....

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..... (₹ 100 e 0.18) and ₹ 152.20 (₹ 100 e0.42) approximately two-thirds of the time. B25 Factors to consider in estimating expected volatility include: (a) implied volatility from traded share options on the entity s shares, or other traded instruments of the entity that include option features (such as convertible debt), if any. (b) the historical volatility of the share price over the most recent period that is generally commensurate with the expected term of the option (taking into account the remaining contractual life of the option and the effects of expected early exercise). (c) the length of time an entity s shares have been publicly traded. A newly listed entity might have a high historical volatility, compared with similar entities that have been listed longer. Further guidance for newly listed entities is given below. (d) the tendency of volatility to revert to its mean, ie its long-term average level, and other factors indicating that expected future volatility might differ from past volatility. For example, if an entity s share price was extraordinarily volatile for some identifiable period of time because of a failed takeover bid or a m .....

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..... latility consistent with that valuation methodology. For example, the entity might value its shares on a net asset or earnings basis. It could consider the expected volatility of those net asset values or earnings. Expected dividends B31 Whether expected dividends should be taken into account when measuring the fair value of shares or options granted depends on whether the counterparty is entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents. B32 For example, if employees were granted options and are entitled to dividends on the underlying shares or dividend equivalents (which might be paid in cash or applied to reduce the exercise price) between grant date and exercise date, the options granted should be valued as if no dividends will be paid on the underlying shares, ie the input for expected dividends should be zero. B33 Similarly, when the grant date fair value of shares granted to employees is estimated, no adjustment is required for expected dividends if the employee is entitled to receive dividends paid during the vesting period. B34 Conversely, if the employees are not entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents during the vesting period (or before exercise, in t .....

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..... rather than the implied yield of zero-coupon government issues, when estimating the fair value of an option with a life equal to the expected term of the option being valued. Capital structure effects B38 Typically, third parties, not the entity, write traded share options. When these share options are exercised, the writer delivers shares to the option holder. Those shares are acquired from existing shareholders. Hence the exercise of traded share options has no dilutive effect. B39 In contrast, if share options are written by the entity, new shares are issued when those share options are exercised (either actually issued or issued in substance, if shares previously repurchased and held in treasury are used). Given that the shares will be issued at the exercise price rather than the current market price at the date of exercise, this actual or potential dilution might reduce the share price, so that the option holder does not make as large a gain on exercise as on exercising an otherwise similar traded option that does not dilute the share price. B40 Whether this has a significant effect on the value of the share options granted depends on various factors, such as the .....

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..... od. If the modification occurs after vesting date, the incremental fair value granted is recognised immediately, or over the vesting period if the employee is required to complete an additional period of service before becoming unconditionally entitled to those modified equity instruments. (b) similarly, if the modification increases the number of equity instruments granted, the entity shall include the fair value of the additional equity instruments granted, measured at the date of the modification, in the measurement of the amount recognised for services received as consideration for the equity instruments granted, consistently with the requirements in (a) above. For example, if the modification occurs during the vesting period, the fair value of the additional equity instruments granted is included in the measurement of the amount recognised for services received over the period from the modification date until the date when the additional equity instruments vest, in addition to the amount based on the grant date fair value of the equity instruments originally granted, which is recognised over the remainder of the original vesting period. (c) if the entity modifies the ves .....

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..... (a) The equity-settled share-based payment transaction is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the modification date. The equity-settled share-based payment transaction is recognised in equity on the modification date to the extent to which goods or services have been received. (b) The liability for the cash-settled share-based payment transaction as at the modification date is derecognised on that date. (c) Any difference between the carrying amount of the liability derecognised and the amount of equity recognised on the modification date is recognised immediately in profit or loss. B44B If, as a result of the modification, the vesting period is extended or shortened, the application of the requirements in paragraph B44A reflect the modified vesting period. The requirements in paragraph B44A apply even if the modification occurs after the vesting period. B44C A cash-settled share-based payment transaction may be cancelled or settled (other than a transaction cancelled by forfeiture when the vesting conditions are not satisfied). If equity instruments are granted and, on that grant date, the entity identifies them as a repl .....

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..... tion for its own equity instruments as equity-settled. This applies regardless of whether the entity chooses or is required to buy those equity instruments from another party to satisfy its obligations to its employees under the share-based payment arrangement. It also applies regardless of whether: (a) the employee s rights to the entity s equity instruments were granted by the entity itself or by its shareholder(s); or (b) the share-based payment arrangement was settled by the entity itself or by its shareholder(s). B50 If the shareholder has an obligation to settle the transaction with its investee s employees, it provides equity instruments of its investee rather than its own. Therefore, if its investee is in the same group as the shareholder, in accordance with paragraph 43C, the shareholder shall measure its obligation in accordance with the requirements applicable to cash-settled share-based payment transactions in the shareholder s separate financial statements and those applicable to equity-settled share-based payment transactions in the shareholder s consolidated financial statements. Share-based payment arrangements involving equity instruments of the parent .....

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..... o make the required payments to its suppliers. For example, consider the following arrangements in which the parent (not the entity itself) has an obligation to make the required cash payments to the employees of the entity: (a) the employees of the entity will receive cash payments that are linked to the price of its equity instruments. (b) the employees of the entity will receive cash payments that are linked to the price of its parent s equity instruments. B57 The subsidiary does not have an obligation to settle the transaction with its employees. Therefore, the subsidiary shall account for the transaction with its employees as equity-settled, and recognise a corresponding increase in equity as a contribution from its parent. The subsidiary shall remeasure the cost of the transaction subsequently for any changes resulting from non-market vesting conditions not being met in accordance with paragraphs 19 21. This differs from the measurement of the transaction as cash-settled in the consolidated financial statements of the group. B58 Because the parent has an obligation to settle the transaction with the employees, and the consideration is cash, the parent (and the con .....

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..... ng condition other than a market condition, no amount is recognised on a cumulative basis for the services received from that employee in the financial statements of any group entity. Appendix 1 Note: This Appendix is not a part of the Indian Accounting Standard. The purpose of this Appendix is only to bring out the major differences, if any, between Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 102 and the corresponding International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 2, Share-based Payment, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Comparison with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment 1. The transitional provisions given in IFRS 2 and portions related thereto have not been given in Ind AS 102, since all transitional provisions related to Indian ASs, wherever considered appropriate, have been included in Ind AS 101, First-time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards corresponding to IFRS 1, First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. 2. Cross-reference to paragraphs B1-B4 of IFRS 3 contained in paragraph 5 of IFRS 2 has been modified as cross-reference to Appendix C of Ind AS 103 in paragraph 5 of Ind AS 102. This is consequential to the ins .....

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..... April, 2017 , before it was read as, 30 For cash-settled share-based payment transactions, the entity shall measure the goods or services acquired and the liability incurred at the fair value of the liability. Until the liability is settled, the entity shall remeasure the fair value of the liability at the end of each reporting period and at the date of settlement, with any changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss for the period. 3. Substituted vide F. No. 01/01/2009-CL-V(Part VI) - Dated 17-3-2017 w.e.f. 1st day of April, 2017 , before it was read as, 31 For example, an entity might grant share appreciation rights to employees as part of their remuneration package, whereby the employees will become entitled to a future cash payment (rather than an equity instrument), based on the increase in the entity s share price from a specified level over a specified period of time. Or an entity might grant to its employees a right to receive a future cash payment by granting to them a right to shares (including shares to be issued upon the exercise of share options) that are redeemable, either mandatorily (eg upon cessation of employment) or at the employee s option .....

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