TMI Blog2019 (11) TMI 364X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... rpose of deciding/fixing the final price/additional purchase price/SAP under this clause. The amount relatable to the profit component or sharing of profit/distribution of profit paid by the assessee, which would be appropriation of income, will not be allowed as deduction, while the remaining amount, being a charge against the income, will be considered as deductible expenditure. At this stage, it is made clear that the distribution of profits can only be qua the payments made to the members. In so far as the non-members are concerned, the case will be considered afresh by the AO by applying the provisions of section 40A(2) Similar is the position in so far as sale of sugar at concessional rate to members below the cost price is concerned in as much as the income to that extent which was earned by the assessee from its normal business operations shall be passed on to the members in the form of sale of sugar at a rate lower than its cost price. CIT(A) in the instant batch of appeals has confirmed the addition towards the difference between the Levy price and the concessional price (upto 5 kg. per member per month) and to the extent of difference between the Market price of ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... the appeals are that the assesses are engaged in the business of manufacturing of white sugar. During the course of assessment proceedings, the AO observed that the assessee paid excessive cane price, over and above the Fair and remunerative price (FRP) fixed by the Government, to its members as well as non-members. On being called upon to justify such deduction, the assessee gave certain explanation by submitting that such payment was solely and exclusively in connection with the business and the entire amount was deductible u/s.37(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter also called `the Act ). Relying on the judgment of Hon ble Supreme Court in the case of DCIT Vs. Shri Satpuda Tapi Parisar S.S.K. Ltd. and others (2010) 326 ITR 402, the AO opined that the excessive price paid was in the nature of `distribution of profits and hence not deductible. This is how, he computed the excessive cane price paid both to the members and non-members and made addition for the said sum. The ld. CIT(A) in some cases deleted the addition, fully or partly, whilst in others the addition got sustained. This led to filing of the cross appeals both by the assessee as well as the Revenue before ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... Minimum Price (SMP), determined under clause 3 of the Control Order, 1966, which is paid at the beginning of the season, is deductible in the entirety and the difference between SMP determined under clause 3 and SAP/additional purchase price determined under clause 5A, has an element of distribution of profit which cannot be allowed as deduction, the Hon ble Supreme Court remitted the matter to the file of the AO for considering the modalities and manner in which SAP/additional purchase price/final price is decided. He has been directed to carry out an exercise of considering accounts/balance sheet and the material supplied to the State Government for the purpose of deciding/fixing the final price/additional purchase price/SAP under clause 5A of the Control Order, 1966 and thereafter determine as to what amount would form part of the distribution of profit and the other as deductible expenditure. The relevant findings of the Hon ble Apex Court are reproduced as under:- 9.4. ..... Therefore, to the extent of the component of profit which will be a part of the final determination of SAP and/or the final price/additional purchase price fixed under Clause 5A would cer ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ent of distribution of profit embedded in the price paid under clause 5A, by considering the statement of accounts, balance sheet and other relevant material supplied to the State Government for the purpose of deciding/fixing the final price/additional purchase price/SAP under this clause. The amount relatable to the profit component or sharing of profit/distribution of profit paid by the assessee, which would be appropriation of income, will not be allowed as deduction, while the remaining amount, being a charge against the income, will be considered as deductible expenditure. At this stage, it is made clear that the distribution of profits can only be qua the payments made to the members. In so far as the non-members are concerned, the case will be considered afresh by the AO by applying the provisions of section 40A(2) of the Act, as has been held by the Hon ble Supreme Court supra. Needless to say, the assessee will be allowed a reasonable opportunity of hearing by the AO in such fresh determination of the issue. 4. Since the facts and circumstances of the instant appeal are mutatis mutandis similar to those already considered and decided by the Tribunal ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ional price of the sugar supplied to farmers should or should not be added to the total income of the assessee along with consideration of certain other factors. The ld. CIT(A) took note of an order dated 01-03-2006 passed by the Commissioner of Sugar, Maharashtra State, considering the directions issued u/s.79(A) of the Maharashtra Cooperative Societies Rules, 1960 providing, inter alia, that the sugar factories shall sell a maximum of 5kg of sugar per month to its members at the rate of levy sugar plus excise duty on free sugar; the factories shall not sell sugar at concessional rate if it has crushed less than 50% during the last season. In the light of the above order of Commissioner of Sugar, Maharashtra State, the ld. CIT(A) held that maximum 5 kg per month per member can be issued at the levy price and the difference between the levy price and the concessional price actually charged from the members up to the limit of 5 kg per month per member should be taxed in the hands of the assessee; and the difference between the market price and the concessional price on the quantity of sugar sold beyond 5 kg per member per month, should also be added to the total income. To buttres ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ble Supreme Court as appropriation of profit and hence chargeable to tax. He submitted that there is no qualitative difference between the two situations viz., the first in which sugarcane is purchased from the members at excessive price and the differential amount is charged to tax as appropriation of profit and the second in which sugar is supplied at concessional price and the difference between the Fair Market Price and the Concessional Price is charged to tax again as appropriation of profit . 14. We have heard both the sides and gone through the relevant material on record. Before proceeding further, we consider it expedient to mention that the issue of sale of sugar to members of a cooperative society at concessional price came up for consideration before various Benches of the Tribunal across the country. The Pune Benches of the Tribunal vide its order dated 08-08-1996 in Chhatrapati Sahu SSK Ltd. Vs. DCIT (ITA No.1924/PN/1990), a copy placed on record, decided this issue in favour of the assessee by relying on the judgment in the case of A. Raman Company (supra) . Thereafter, several orders came to be passed by various benches of ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... the Hon ble High Courts and the orders passed by the Tribunal in favour of the assessee do not continue to hold the field anymore. Our attention has not been drawn towards judgment of any Hon ble High Court or order of the Tribunal in which the issue under consideration has been decided after considering the judgment of the Hon ble Supreme Court in Krishna SSK (supra), which thereby renders the issue in question as virgin. 16. At this stage, it is relevant to note that the Hon ble Supreme Court in Tasgaon SSK Ltd. (supra) had an occasion to deal with a connected issue of purchase of sugarcane by the sugar factories from its members at excessive price, which we have discussed hereinabove. The AOs in that group of matters had opined that the difference between the price paid as per clause 3 of the Control Order, 1966 determined by the Central Government, being, the Statutory Minimum Price (SMP) and the price determined by the State Government under clause 5A of the Control Order, 1966, being SAP/Additional Price, was in the nature of distribution of profits and hence, not deductible as expenditure. Such an issue came to be decided by the Hon bl ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... s been held to be in the nature of appropriation of profit , then obviously a part of the concession given to members on sale of sugar, by the same standard and on the same parity of reasoning, would also have to be considered as appropriation of profit . 18. At this juncture, it is pertinent to note that the AO has held that the amount in question is disallowable not u/s 37(1) of the Act, but: `supply of sugar at concessional rate, as against the prevalent market price, is nothing but an appropriation of profit and in the nature of application of income . Thus, the view point of the AO of `appropriation of profit by the assessee to its members by means of selling sugar at concessional price is based on the premise that a cooperative society and its members are not different from each other in the co-operative structure. 19. In case we proceed with the presumption that the assessee and its members are separate from each other and the transaction is between two independent parties, then patently, there can be no question of earning any income by selling sugar at a price lower than the market price. Tax is levied on income earned and not on loss ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... silver bars prevailing at the dates of their execution. The assessee, however, showed the transfer of these shares and silver bars to the trustees in the books of account at the cost price thereof by contending that the market value of the said shares and silver bars, on which the stamp duty was based, could not be the basis for computing his income from the stock-in-trade thus transferred. The Income Tax Officer did not accept this contention and assessed the profit at the difference between the cost price of the said shares and silver bars and the market value thereof at the date of their withdrawal from the business. The AAC, the Tribunal as also the Hon ble High Court rejected the contention of the assessee. When the matter was brought to the Hon ble Apex Court, it held, by a majority view that : `The appellant was right in entering the cost value of the silver and shares at the date of the withdrawal, because it was not a business transaction and by that act the business made no profit or gain, nor did it sustain a loss, and the appellant derived no income from it. . . In the present case disregarding technicalities it is impossible to get away from the fact that the busine ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ween the market price of sugar and concessional sale price may entail two situations. The first one is of simplicitor loss of potential profit and second one is of actual loss of profit when sugar is sold to members at below its cost price. Whereas, the simplicitor loss of potential profit cannot be termed as appropriation of profit, sale of sugar to members at below its cost price results in appropriation or distribution of profits earned from normal business operations to members in the garb of sale at a price below the cost price. The position can be understood with the help of an example. Suppose market price of sugar is ₹ 100/- and the cost price is ₹ 80/-. If the assessee sells sugar at concessional rate to its members at, say, ₹ 85/- per kg., it is obviously recovering its cost of ₹ 80/- in addition to earning profit of ₹ 5/-. In such a situation, the differential amount of ₹ 15/- (₹ 100 ₹ 85) cannot be charged to tax because it is a case of loss of potential profit and not appropriation of profit. If, on the other hand, in the given scenario of market price of sugar at ₹ 100, the assessee sells sugar a ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... . CIT(A) in the instant batch of appeals has confirmed the addition towards the difference between the Levy price and the concessional price (upto 5 kg. per member per month) and to the extent of difference between the Market price of sugar and Concessional price (over and above 5kg. per member per month). In this process, the assessees got taxed even for the potential profit to the extent of difference between the cost price and market/levy price, as the case may be. Ergo, we hold that such a straightway difference between the market/levy price and the concessional price of sugar cannot be construed as appropriation of profit leading to addition as has been extantly done. The impugned orders to this extent are set aside and the matters are restored to the file of the respective AOs for first ascertaining the cost price of sugar to each assessee and then make addition on this issue by treating it is as a case of appropriation of profit only to the extent of the concessional sale price which is below the cost price. However, it is clarified that in determining cost price of sugar to the factory, not only all the direct costs but all the indirect costs should also be taken into consi ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X
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