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Showing 81 to 85 of 85 Records

• 1975 (1) TMI 5
  
  Issues:
  1. Computation of the period of limitation for filing an appeal under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922.
  2. Interpretation of the expression "ordinarily" in section 30(2) of the Act.
  3. Relevance of the date of receipt of the assessment order in determining the starting point of limitation for filing an appeal.
  4. Consideration of the instructions provided to Income-tax Officers by the Board of Revenue regarding the supply of assessment orders along with demand notices.
  
  Analysis:
  The High Court of Calcutta addressed the issue of the period of limitation for filing an appeal under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The case involved a dispute regarding the starting point of limitation for filing an appeal against an assessment order for the year 1961-62. The assessee received the notice of demand on January 13, 1965, and filed the appeal on February 15, 1965. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner rejected the appeal as filed beyond time, leading to further appeals before the Tribunal and subsequently the High Court.
  
  The primary contention raised by the assessee was that the appeal was not out of time as the assessment order was received on January 16, 1965, thereby extending the period for filing the appeal. The Tribunal, however, held that the period of limitation should be computed from the date of receipt of the notice of demand, not the assessment order. The Court emphasized the statutory right of appeal under section 30(1) of the Act and the 30-day limitation period from the receipt of the notice of demand as per section 30(2).
  
  Regarding the interpretation of the term "ordinarily" in section 30(2), the Court rejected the argument that the time for filing the appeal should start from the receipt of the assessment order, stating that all appeals must be filed within 30 days from the notice of demand. The Court emphasized that special circumstances could be considered by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner for condoning delays in filing appeals.
  
  Furthermore, the Court dismissed the reliance on instructions provided to Income-tax Officers by the Board of Revenue regarding the supply of assessment orders with demand notices. The Court found no merit in the argument that the assessment order must be received along with the demand notice to make it effective, as the relevant rules did not mandate such simultaneous supply.
  
  In conclusion, the High Court ruled in favor of the revenue, affirming that the appeal was time-barred based on the date of receipt of the notice of demand. The judgment highlighted the importance of adhering to statutory timelines for filing appeals and the limited scope of the questions framed by the Court in this case.

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• 1975 (1) TMI 4
  
  Issues Involved:
  1. Whether the properties settled on trust by the deceased could be deemed to have passed on her death.
  2. Application of Section 22 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953.
  3. Interpretation of the trust deed and its implications on estate duty.
  4. Effect of reservation of maintenance on properties settled under the trust deed.
  
  Detailed Analysis:
  
  1. Whether the properties settled on trust by the deceased could be deemed to have passed on her death:
  The primary issue was whether the properties settled on trust by Miss Oliphant in 1956 could be deemed to have passed on her death in 1962. The accountable person argued that since the trust was created and possession delivered in 1956, the properties did not pass on her death and were not dutiable. However, the Assistant Controller of Estate Duty (Asst. CED), the Zonal Appellate Controller, and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal all concluded that the properties did pass on her death due to the benefits reserved by Miss Oliphant in the trust deed.
  
  2. Application of Section 22 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953:
  Section 22 of the Estate Duty Act provides that property held by the deceased as a trustee shall not be deemed to pass on their death if possession and enjoyment of the property was bona fide assumed by the beneficiary at least two years before the death and retained to the entire exclusion of the deceased. The court found that Miss Oliphant retained benefits under the trust deed, including a monthly payment of Rs. 1,000 and the right to reside in a cottage, which meant that the possession and enjoyment of the property were not entirely excluded from her.
  
  3. Interpretation of the trust deed and its implications on estate duty:
  The court analyzed Clauses 2 and 3 of the trust deed, which allowed Miss Oliphant to manage the school and receive a monthly payment of Rs. 1,000, and to reside in a cottage for her lifetime. The court concluded that these clauses indicated that she retained benefits and interests in the trust properties, making them dutiable under the Act. The court emphasized that the right to receive Rs. 1,000 per month and the right to reside in the cottage were reserved in her favor, thereby not excluding her from possession and enjoyment of the property.
  
  4. Effect of reservation of maintenance on properties settled under the trust deed:
  The court examined whether the reservation of maintenance (Rs. 1,000 per month) impacted the dutiability of the properties. It was argued that the maintenance was to be paid from the "funds of the school" and not specifically from the income of the trust properties. However, the court found that "funds of the school" essentially meant the income from the trust properties, thus creating a charge on the properties for the payment of maintenance. Consequently, all the properties settled under the trust were subject to estate duty as they were liable to provide for Miss Oliphant's maintenance.
  
  Conclusion:
  The court held that the properties settled on trust by Miss Oliphant were deemed to have passed on her death due to the benefits she reserved for herself in the trust deed. The court emphasized that the possession and enjoyment of the properties were not entirely excluded from her, making them dutiable under the Estate Duty Act. The court also clarified that the reservation of maintenance from the "funds of the school" constituted a charge on the trust properties, further supporting the dutiability of the properties. The question referred to the High Court was answered in favor of the revenue, and the accountable person was ordered to pay costs of Rs. 300.

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• 1975 (1) TMI 3
  
  Issues Involved:
  1. Valuation of the goodwill of a partnership for estate duty purposes.
  2. Determination of the accountable persons for the estate duty.
  3. Applicability of Section 7 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953, concerning the benefit accruing to surviving partners due to the cesser of interest of the deceased partner.
  
  Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:
  
  1. Valuation of the Goodwill of a Partnership for Estate Duty Purposes:
  The primary issue revolves around the valuation of the deceased's share in the partnership, including its goodwill, for estate duty purposes. The partnership deed dated December 14, 1962, specified that the value of the goodwill should be deemed to be Rs. 1,00,000. However, the Assistant Controller of Estate Duty (Asst. CED) did not accept this valuation and instead fixed the goodwill at Rs. 5,00,000, determining the total value of the estate at Rs. 3,28,745. The Tribunal, following a precedent and the terms of the partnership deed, held that the value of the goodwill should be taken at Rs. 1,00,000 for estate duty purposes, rejecting the hypothetical market value approach.
  
  2. Determination of the Accountable Persons for the Estate Duty:
  The accountable persons (the surviving partners) argued that they should not be held liable for the estate duty as the initial assessment was made against the widow of the deceased. The Tribunal held that the accountable persons could not escape liability for estate duty to the extent of the estate of the deceased in their hands, as they had acquired his share in the firm from the widow. This position was upheld by the court, affirming the Tribunal's decision.
  
  3. Applicability of Section 7 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953:
  The court considered whether the benefit accruing to the surviving partners due to the cesser of interest of the deceased partner should be valued based on the market value of the goodwill. The revenue argued that while the value of the deceased's share in the partnership should be determined as per the partnership deed (Rs. 1,00,000), the benefit to the surviving partners should be calculated based on the market value of the goodwill minus Rs. 1,00,000. The court agreed, stating that for determining the liability of the surviving partners for estate duty, the market value of the goodwill less the value mentioned in the deed should be taken into account.
  
  Conclusion:
  The court concluded that for the purpose of determining the estate duty payable by the personal representative (widow) of the deceased, the valuation should be made in accordance with the provisions of the partnership deed dated December 14, 1962. However, for determining the liability of the surviving partners for the benefit accruing to them due to the death of the deceased, the market value of the goodwill less the value mentioned in the deed should be considered. The court thus answered the question referred accordingly and did not make any order for costs.

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• 1975 (1) TMI 2
  
  Issues:
  1. Interpretation of tax recovery certificate under section 222 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
  2. Authority of Tax Recovery Officer (TRO) to recover tax from a partner of a dissolved firm.
  3. Definition of "defaulter" under Rule 32 of the Second Schedule to the Act.
  
  Analysis:
  The High Court of Karnataka heard an appeal by the TRO of the Income Tax department challenging an order in a writ petition where a mandamus was issued to the TRO to refrain from recovering tax from a partner of a dissolved firm based on a tax recovery certificate. The respondent was a partner in two different firms, and a tax demand was issued in the name of the dissolved firm. The TRO attempted to recover the tax from the respondent's new firm, which was contested as unauthorized by the respondent.
  
  The key contention was whether a partner of a firm could be considered a "defaulter" under the tax recovery certificate. The court examined the definition of "defaulter" under Rule 32 of the Second Schedule to the Act, which referred to the "assessee mentioned in the certificate." The court emphasized that the person named in the certificate as the assessee in default is the one against whom the recovery can be enforced. The TRO's jurisdiction is limited to the certificate issued by the ITO, and he cannot exceed the scope of the certificate to recover from a person not mentioned in it.
  
  The court upheld the decision of the learned single judge, emphasizing that the TRO's actions were unauthorized as the recovery certificate was issued in the name of the dissolved firm, and the notice of demand was also in the firm's name. The court cited a Division Bench decision of the Andhra Pradesh High Court to support the interpretation that recovery can only be made against the assessee mentioned in the certificate. The court dismissed the appeal, affirming the view that the TRO lacked authority to recover tax from a person not specified in the recovery certificate.
  
  In conclusion, the High Court of Karnataka affirmed that the TRO's actions were unauthorized as the recovery certificate specified a different entity as the assessee in default. The court clarified that the TRO's jurisdiction is limited to the certificate issued by the ITO, and recovery cannot be enforced against a person not named in the certificate. The appeal was dismissed, and costs were awarded to the respondent.

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• 1975 (1) TMI 1
  
  The petition challenged the validity of Rule 1D under the Wealth Tax Act, which determines the value of unquoted equity shares. The High Court held that the rule is valid and dismissed the writ petition.

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