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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the payments made by the assessee to the foreign company were "Royalty Payments" and liable to deduction of tax at a lower rate of 50% as prescribed in the Finance (No. 2) Act of 1971. 2. The maintainability of the appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. 3. The interpretation and definition of the term "royalty" in the context of the agreement between the assessee and the foreign company. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Whether the payments made by the assessee to the foreign company were "Royalty Payments" and liable to deduction of tax at a lower rate of 50% as prescribed in the Finance (No. 2) Act of 1971: The assessee-company entered into an agreement with a UK-based company, Vinyl Products Ltd., on August 28, 1961, to receive technical know-how in exchange for a payment of 1% of the net sale proceeds of the products. This payment was termed as "research contribution." The Income Tax Officer (ITO) determined the tax on these payments at a rate of 70%, considering them not as royalties but as research contributions under the residuary clause of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971. However, the assessee contended that these payments were royalties and thus subject to a lower tax rate of 50%. The Tribunal, relying on decisions from the Calcutta High Court and the House of Lords, concluded that the payments were indeed royalties. The High Court also agreed with this conclusion, noting that the term "royalty" was not defined in the Income-tax Act, and thus its interpretation should be based on general legal principles and the terms of the agreement. 2. The maintainability of the appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal: The Revenue contended that the appeals to the AAC and subsequently to the Tribunal were incompetent, as the AAC lacked jurisdiction under the Income-tax Act to entertain the appeal. This argument was based on the provisions of Section 246 of the Income-tax Act, which outlines appealable orders. The Tribunal had rejected this contention, and the Revenue did not seek a reference on this issue when applying under Section 256(1). The High Court held that since the specific question of maintainability was not raised in the application, it could not be considered under the broad language of "right in law" in the referred question. Therefore, the High Court did not address the maintainability issue and focused solely on the question of royalties. 3. The interpretation and definition of the term "royalty" in the context of the agreement between the assessee and the foreign company: The High Court extensively analyzed the term "royalty" using various legal sources, including Corpus Juris Secundum, Words and Phrases Legally Defined, and Encyclopaedia Britannica. It concluded that royalties generally refer to payments made for the right to use certain properties, such as patents, copyrights, or secret processes. The agreement between the assessee and Vinyl Products Ltd. involved the transfer of technical know-how and secret formulations, which fell within the scope of royalties. The court also referred to international agreements and the Finance Act of 1976, which defined royalties in a similar manner. Thus, the court held that the payments made by the assessee were indeed royalties and subject to the lower tax rate of 50%. Conclusion: The High Court affirmed the Tribunal's decision that the payments made by the assessee to the foreign company were royalties and thus liable to a deduction of tax at the lower rate of 50% as prescribed in the Finance (No. 2) Act of 1971. The court did not address the maintainability of the appeal due to the lack of a specific reference on that issue. The Commissioner was directed to pay the costs of the reference to the assessee.
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