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2020 (10) TMI 1329 - HC - Indian LawsExotic species - inclusion of vulnerable exotic animals/birds species in the definition of “exotic live species” in Part I (a) of the Advisory for dealing with import of exotic live species in India - nature and extent of immunity contemplated by the Advisory as also whether it would cover other vulnerable exotic live species which are not mentioned in the Appendices to the CITES - HELD THAT:- It appears that a Voluntary Disclosure Scheme has been introduced by the Central Government which gives an option to all the citizens of India to voluntarily declare their stock of exotic species enumerated in Appendices I, II and III of the CITES – International Convention, if at all they are in possession thereof, within six months from the date of issuance of Advisory i.e. w.e.f. 11th June, 2020 (Annexure P-2 collectively to the memo of this writ petition). As per the Scheme, the declarer will submit themselves to the provisions of the Scheme and thereafter maintain a statutory record as prescribed under the Scheme for any addition or reduction in the declared stock of exotic species, which will enable the Government to have a unified information system for the stock of exotic species at the State or Central Government level. The window of six months for voluntary disclosure by allowing immunities only to those declarers who opt to file their voluntary disclosure declaration within six months from the date of issuance of the Advisory. Immunity is not provided to the declarers opting to disclose the stock once the period of six months is over from the date of issuance of the Advisory. The immunity contained in Clause I (b) of the Advisory as stated hereinabove for the declarers is not further clarified in the said Advisory. The petitioner is seeking directions so far as immunity is concerned, under the Voluntary Disclosure Scheme that there shall be no investigation into the acquisition or possession of exotic species once the declarer voluntarily discloses as per the Scheme - Once the immunity is granted under the Voluntary Disclosure Scheme, the respondent cannot investigate about the ownership, possession, trade, transportation, breeding, act of keeping, buying, selling and exhibiting such exotic animals/birds which are voluntarily disclosed by the declarer. The declarer would not be required to produce any documentation in relation to the exotic live species if the same has been declared within six months from the date of issuance of Advisory as per Part I Clause (b) of the Voluntary Disclosure Scheme. After six months’ period is over, from the date of issuance of the Advisory the declarer shall be required to comply with the documentation requirement under the extant laws and regulations. Voluntary Disclosure Scheme invites the declarers, in public interest, by conferring immunity to them for a limited period (here six months) to promote the voluntary disclosure. Once such voluntary disclosure is made within the time limit prescribed, no inquiry or action can be initiated by the respondent for possession, breeding or transportation of the exotic species within India by the officers of any Government agency or Department whether of Central Government or State Government. Such action of subsequent inquiry by the Government after voluntary disclosure would be wholly illegal, arbitrary, unreasonable, unsustainable and would defeat the very purpose of the Voluntary Disclosure Scheme. In view of the Article XIV to be read with affidavit filed by the respondent No. 1, especially in para 8L and 8AA to 9A, it has been expressed by the respondent that suggestion of the petitioner to enlarge the scope of the Advisory to all exotic live species is acknowledged because there are still other vulnerable exotic live species which are not mentioned in the Appendices I, II and III to the International Convention – CITES. Thus, the further Advisory can always be issued by the respondent keeping in mind the provisions of Article 48A and to be read with Article 51A(g) of the Constitution of India which are about protection and improvement of the environment and to safeguard the forest and wild life of the country. This obligation of the State extends to protecting exotic live species, beyond the Appendix to the CITES - International Convention. The respondents are not obliged to make laws only in terms of CITES and can widen the scope of restrictions, having regard to the local conditions and circumstances - writ petition disposed off.
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