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Levy of penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 based on undisclosed income; Rejection of explanation offered by the assessee regarding cash credit entries; Validity of penalty imposed on the assessee for the assessment year 1961-62. Detailed Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Madras involved the assessment of penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 on the assessee, who was engaged in money-lending business. The case pertained to three cash credit entries in the assessee's books of account for the assessment year 1961-62. The amounts in question were credited in the names of three individuals. The Income-tax Officer, after examining the individuals and considering their evidence, concluded that the amounts represented the assessee's income from undisclosed sources. This finding was upheld by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal. Subsequently, penalty proceedings were initiated against the assessee, resulting in the imposition of a penalty of Rs. 10,000, which was later reduced to Rs. 5,000 by the Tribunal. Upon the assessee's appeal, the High Court considered the argument presented by the counsel that there was no positive evidence to establish that the amount represented concealed income. The court noted that the mere rejection of the assessee's explanation was not sufficient to levy the penalty under section 271(1)(c). However, the court found that the evidence indicated that the amounts were available with the assessee and that the explanation provided by the assessee regarding the source of these funds was not credible. The court highlighted discrepancies in the witnesses' statements, such as lending money without interest, lack of substantial income sources, and their employment relationship with the assessee. The court emphasized that the case was not merely about disbelieving the assessee's statement but about proving it false. It was established that the assessee's explanation was unreliable and false, leading to the conclusion that the amount indeed represented concealed income. The court clarified that under section 271(1)(c), if the authority determines that a person concealed income or furnished inaccurate particulars, a penalty could be imposed. The court upheld the findings of the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal, stating that a different inference by an appellate court does not render the original finding incorrect unless it is deemed perverse. In conclusion, the High Court affirmed the levy of the penalty against the assessee for the assessment year 1961-62 under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The court ruled in favor of the department, emphasizing the importance of credible evidence and the consequences of providing false explanations in income tax proceedings. The reference was answered in the affirmative, with costs awarded to the department.
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