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Issues Involved:
1. Head under which the loss claimed by the assessee is to be assessed. 2. Claim of the assessee for carry forward of the said loss. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Head under which the loss claimed by the assessee is to be assessed: The primary issue in these appeals is whether the loss claimed by the assessee should be assessed under the head "Income from business" or "Income from other sources." The assessee, an investment company, declared a net loss for the assessment years 1996-97, 1997-98, and 1998-99, claiming the loss under "Profits and gains of business." The Assessing Officer (AO) noted that the investments were primarily in shares of Jindal group companies, and the loans taken and given were also within the same group. The AO held that the shares were investments, not trading stock, and thus the interest paid on borrowed funds could only be allowed under "Income from other sources." Consequently, the AO computed the loss under "Income from other sources" and disallowed the carry forward of the loss. The assessee argued that its main business was investment in shares, and the interest paid on borrowed funds for such investments should be deductible under section 36(1)(iii) as a business expense. The assessee relied on several judicial precedents to support its contention that holding investments could be considered a business activity. However, the CIT(A) upheld the AO's decision, noting that the assessee had not carried out any systematic or organized activity in respect of the shares held, and the investments were primarily static. The Tribunal also upheld the CIT(A)'s decision, emphasizing that the intention of the assessee, as evidenced by its conduct and the treatment of the shares in its books of account, was to hold the shares as investments, not stock-in-trade. The Tribunal noted that the shares were treated as investments in the balance sheet, and even when the assessee claimed to convert them into stock-in-trade, the valuation was not in accordance with mandatory accounting standards. The Tribunal concluded that the shares were held as investments, and the loss arising from their sale was assessable under "Income from other sources." 2. Claim of the assessee for carry forward of the said loss: The second issue is consequential to the first. Since the loss was assessed under "Income from other sources," the authorities below, including the CIT(A) and the Tribunal, held that the loss could not be carried forward as a business loss. The Tribunal confirmed the AO's computation of the loss under "Income from other sources" and upheld the disallowance of the carry forward of the loss. Conclusion: The Tribunal dismissed the appeals of the assessee, affirming that the shares were held as investments and the loss arising from their sale was assessable under "Income from other sources." Consequently, the claim for carry forward of the loss as a business loss was disallowed.
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