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Issues Involved:
The judgment involves the question of allowing deductions in the computation of the assessee's income from business for the assessment years 1972-73 and 1973-74, based on damages paid in relation to a sole selling agency agreement. Factual Background: For the assessment years 1972-73 and 1973-74, disallowances were made while computing the assessee's income from business in respect of damages paid due to breach of contract in a sole selling agency agreement for sugar sales. The assessee claimed these damages as allowable deductions, which were allowed by the Assessing Officer but later challenged. Legal Analysis - Speculative Transactions: The Appellate Assistant Commissioner considered the transactions as speculative under section 43(5) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, and disallowed the deductions. However, the Tribunal accepted the assessee's argument that the damages were incidental to the agency business and not speculative profits or losses, hence allowing the deductions. Interpretation of Settlement in Contracts: The judgment delves into the interpretation of "settlement" in contracts, emphasizing that damages awarded for breach of contract do not constitute settlement under section 43(5) of the Act. Settlement implies performance or mutual agreement, not damages for breach. Previous court decisions were cited to support this interpretation. Conclusion: The Tribunal's finding that there was a breach of contract leading to damages being paid justified the allowance of deductions. The judgment answered the referred question in favor of the assessee, highlighting that breach of contract does not equate to settlement under the relevant provisions. The reference applications were disposed of accordingly.
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