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Issues Involved:
1. Deduction of accrued liability for payment of bonus to bidi workers. 2. Deduction of liabilities for wages for damaged bidies. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Deduction of Accrued Liability for Payment of Bonus to Bidi Workers: The primary issue in this appeal was whether the assessee-company could claim a deduction for accrued liability towards payment of bonus to bidi workers amounting to Rs. 86,30,975. The assessee argued that this liability accrued following the Supreme Court decision in P.M. Patel & Sons v. Union of India, which recognized bidi workers as employees under the Employees' Provident Fund Act. The assessee contended that this recognition extended to the applicability of the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965. The Assessing Officer (AO) disallowed the claim, stating that there was no statutory liability or demand from workers for the bonus, nor was any payment made in the subsequent year. The AO emphasized that the provisions of section 43B of the Income-tax Act, as amended from 1-4-1989, required actual payment for such liabilities to be deductible. The CIT (Appeals) allowed the deduction, concluding that the liabilities were statutory and quantifiable, and the Supreme Court's decision established the employer-employee relationship necessary for the bonus liability under the Payment of Bonus Act. Upon further appeal, the Tribunal examined whether the liability for bonus could be considered accrued based on the Supreme Court's decision. The Tribunal noted that the assessee failed to provide specific details about the number of workers in different categories as defined by the Supreme Court, which was crucial to justify the provision for bonus. The Tribunal concluded that the workers were likely employees of contractors (category III) rather than direct employees of the assessee (category II), as the necessary records and controls were maintained by contractors. Additionally, the actual bonus paid was a "small amount," inconsistent with the large provision made. The Tribunal held that the liability to pay the bonus was not crystallized in the year under consideration and, therefore, could not be treated as an accrued liability. The claim for deduction was not allowable as the assessee did not substantiate the basis for the provision, and the CIT (Appeals) erred in allowing the claim. 2. Deduction of Liabilities for Wages for Damaged Bidies: The second issue was whether the assessee could claim a deduction of Rs. 8,08,023 for liabilities towards wages for damaged bidies. The AO disallowed this claim, noting that the liability was contested by the M.P. Bidi Manufacturers' Association and was not a statutory obligation. The CIT (Appeals) allowed the claim, treating the liability as statutory based on the decision in Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif's case. The Tribunal, however, found that the assessee failed to provide specific details or evidence to substantiate the claim. The Tribunal noted that the decision in Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif's case required the assessee to demonstrate that the liability was ascertainable and related to statutory provisions. The assessee did not provide any information about the proceedings before the Supreme Court or how the amount was calculated. The Tribunal concluded that, in the absence of any supporting details or evidence of payment under the relevant statutory provisions, the claim for deduction was not allowable. The Tribunal upheld the AO's disallowance of the claim for wages for damaged bidies. Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the revenue's appeal, confirming the AO's disallowance of the deductions for both the accrued liability for bonus and the liabilities for wages for damaged bidies. The Tribunal emphasized the need for the assessee to substantiate its claims with detailed evidence and proper justification, which was lacking in this case.
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