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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of cess and education cess under section 43B. 2. Levy of interest under section 217. Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of Cess and Education Cess Under Section 43B: The primary issue in this appeal is the disallowance of liabilities related to 'cess' on tea and 'education cess' under section 43B of the Income Tax Act. The assessee contested the order of the CIT(A), which confirmed the disallowance of Rs. 3,05,197 for 'cess' on tea and Rs. 80,834 for 'education cess', totaling Rs. 3,86,031. The Tribunal held this ground in favor of the assessee, referencing its own prior decision in ITA No. 3590/Cal./88 for the assessment year 1985-86 and the judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in Phoolchand Lalith Kumar & Co. v. ITO [1992] 196 ITR 302. It was established that 'cess' is distinct from "tax or duty" and thus should not be disallowed under section 43B as it stood before the amendment by the Finance Act, 1988, effective from 1-4-1989. The Departmental Representative argued that the substitution of clause (a) of section 43B by the Finance Act, 1988, effective from 1-4-1989, should be considered retrospective from 1-4-1984, citing the Calcutta High Court's decision in CIT v. Sri Jagannath Steel Corpn. [1991] 191 ITR 676. However, the Tribunal rejected this argument, emphasizing the principle that statutes are presumed to be prospective unless explicitly stated otherwise. Citing several legal precedents, including Union of India v. Madan Gopal Kabra AIR 1954 SC 158 and Govinddas v. ITO [1976] 103 ITR 123, the Tribunal reiterated that fiscal statutes imposing new liabilities are generally not retrospective unless explicitly stated. The Tribunal further examined the legislative intent behind the amendment to section 43B, noting that the Finance Act, 1988, explicitly stated that the amendment would take effect from 1-4-1989. The Memorandum explaining the Finance Bill clarified that the amendment aimed to include cess and fees within the scope of section 43B to prevent misuse of government funds. However, the absence of language indicating retrospective application led the Tribunal to conclude that the amendment was intended to be prospective. The Tribunal also distinguished the present case from the Calcutta High Court's decision in Sri Jagannath Steel Corpn.'s case, where the first proviso to section 43B was held to be retrospective due to its nature of removing an impossibility of performance. In contrast, the new clause (a) created additional liabilities and did not serve to remove any operational impossibility. Therefore, the Tribunal directed the departmental authorities to delete the disallowance of the cess on tea and the education cess. 2. Levy of Interest Under Section 217: The second issue concerned the levy of interest under section 217. The assessee argued that the CIT(A) erroneously stated that no argument was advanced against the levy. The Tribunal noted that the assessee had indeed denied liability to pay interest in the statement of facts and grounds of appeal filed before the CIT(A). However, this issue became moot following the Assessing Officer's revised order dated 12-2-1992, which resulted in a refund to the assessee and did not include any interest under section 217. Consequently, this ground was dismissed as infructuous. Conclusion: In conclusion, the appeal was partly allowed. The Tribunal directed the deletion of the disallowance of the cess on tea and the education cess, while the issue regarding the levy of interest under section 217 was dismissed as infructuous.
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