2025 (5) TMI 65 - AT - Service Tax

Demand for service tax along with the interest and the appropriate penalties - Miscellaneous income - Forfeiture of security deposit/earnest money deposit and fines or penalties - scope of declared services u/s 66E(e) of the Finance Act 1994 - definition of service u/s 65B(45) - Miscellaneous income - HELD THAT - From persual of the record it becomes abundantly clear that the issue of considering a forfeited amount as an amount of consideration towards declared services stands already settled in favour of the assessee. The same is already held to not to be the consideration towards rendering declared service defined under section 66E(e) of the Finance Act 1944. In fact the cancellation of contract itself is held to not to be a service. We find no reason to differ from these findings. We further observe that department also vide Circular No.214/1/2023-ST dated 28th February 2023 has clarified about leviability of service tax on the declared services agreeing to the obligation to refrain from an act or to tolerate an act or a situation or to do an act under clause (e) of section 66E of Finance Act 1994 and has clarified that the activities contemplated under section 66 E (e) i.e. when one party agrees to refrain from an act or to tolerate an act or a situation or to do an act are the activities where the agreements specifically refers to such an activity and there is a flow of consideration for this activity. In appellant s own case vide Final order No. 59733/2024 dated 04.11.2024 CESTAT Delhi while relying upon the decision of South Easter Coal 2023 (8) TMI 606 - SC ORDER has set aside the demand of service tax confirmed on the identical allegations holding that the penalties fines and forfeited amounts cannot be treated as consideration towards declared services defined under section 66 E(e) of the Finance Act. We observe that adjudicating authorities below have ignored the earlier decisions. Hence the act of the authority is held to be an act of judicial indiscipline. The authorities below are warned to be careful in future. Such an order of reflecting judicial indiscipline is otherwise not sustainable. We draw our support from the decision in the case of Vishnu Traders vs. State of Haryana and Others 1993 (11) TMI 230 - SUPREME COURT . Thus the order under challenge is hereby set aside. Resultantly the appeal is allowed.

Summary

The core legal question considered by the Tribunal is whether the amounts received as forfeiture of security deposit/earnest money deposit and fines or penalties recovered from contractors constitute a taxable declared service under section 66E(e) of the Finance Act, 1994, and are therefore liable to service tax.

The Tribunal examined the relevant provisions of the Finance Act, 1994, particularly the definition of "service" under section 65B(45) and the scope of declared services under section 66E(e). The legal framework distinguishes between consideration received as payment for a service rendered and amounts recovered as penalties or compensation for breach of contract. The Tribunal relied heavily on precedent decisions, including its own prior rulings and those of other benches, which consistently held that penalties, liquidated damages, forfeitures, and cancellation charges do not constitute consideration for a declared service and hence are not taxable under section 66E(e).

In the analysis, the Tribunal noted that the appellant had received miscellaneous income labeled as fines, penalties, security deposits, and earnest money from contractors but had not paid service tax on these amounts. The department contended that these amounts were consideration for agreeing to refrain from or tolerate certain acts, thus attracting service tax under section 66E(e). The appellant argued that these amounts were not consideration for any service but were penal in nature, intended to compensate for losses or deter breaches of contract, and therefore outside the scope of taxable services.

The Tribunal referred to a series of authoritative decisions to clarify the distinction between contractual conditions and consideration for services. It cited the decision in South Eastern Coal Fields Ltd. vs. CCE & ST, Raipur, which held that compensation charges or penalties imposed for breach of contract are not consideration for taxable services under section 66E(e). The Tribunal further relied on several other rulings, including:

• K.N. Food Industries Pvt. Ltd. v. Commissioner of CGST & Central Excise, which held that charges for damages or losses due to unintended events are not payments for services.
• Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. v. CCE & ST, which ruled that UI charges for excess electricity consumption do not amount to consideration for declared services.
• Lemon Tree Hotels v. Commissioner, GST, which held cancellation charges for hotel bookings are not taxable under section 66E(e).
• Supreme Court decisions in Commissioner of Service Tax v. Bhayana Builders and Union of India v. International Consultants and Technocrats, emphasizing that only amounts with nexus to taxable services constitute consideration for service tax purposes.
• M.P. Poorva Kshetra Vidyut Vitran Co. Ltd. v. Principal Commissioner CGST and CE, which followed the South Eastern Coalfields ratio and set aside service tax demands on liquidated damages.

The Tribunal emphasized that the department's Circular No. 214/1/2023-ST dated 28th February 2023 also clarified that for service tax to be leviable under section 66E(e), there must be a specific agreement to refrain from or tolerate an act and a corresponding flow of consideration for that activity. The mere recovery of penalties or forfeitures without such an agreement does not attract service tax.

Furthermore, the Tribunal noted that the Board had chosen not to appeal the South Eastern Coalfields decision, which was upheld by the Supreme Court, thereby reinforcing the binding nature of this precedent. The appellant's own prior case, decided by the same Tribunal relying on the South Eastern Coalfields judgment, had similarly set aside service tax demands on identical facts.

The Tribunal found that the adjudicating authorities below had disregarded these consistent precedents, amounting to judicial indiscipline. It warned the authorities to maintain consistency and uniformity in judicial approach, referencing the principle laid down in Vishnu Traders vs. State of Haryana, which underscores the importance of similar treatment for similar matters to ensure predictability and fairness in judicial decisions.

Applying the law to the facts, the Tribunal concluded that the amounts recovered by the appellant as penalties, fines, and forfeitures were not consideration for any declared service under section 66E(e). These amounts were compensatory or punitive in nature and did not arise from an agreement to tolerate or refrain from an act for consideration. Consequently, the service tax demand confirmed by the lower authorities was unsustainable.

The Tribunal rejected the department's competing argument that such amounts constitute consideration for declared services, relying on the weight of judicial authority and the absence of any specific agreement to tolerate or refrain from acts in exchange for these amounts.

In conclusion, the Tribunal set aside the impugned order-in-appeal and allowed the appellant's appeal, holding that the amounts in question do not attract service tax under section 66E(e) of the Finance Act, 1994.

Significant holdings include the following verbatim excerpt from the Tribunal's reasoning:

"There is marked distinction between 'conditions to a contract' and 'considerations for the contract'. A service recipient may be required to fulfill certain conditions contained in the contract but that would not necessarily mean that this value would form part of the value of taxable services that are provided. Hence, payment of the impugned 'compensation charges' in the present case merely amounts to fulfillment of the condition envisaged in Para No. 6.5.3 of the Agreement dated 12-7-2011 and not consideration for the said contract."

Another crucial principle established is that penalties, liquidated damages, forfeiture amounts, and cancellation charges recovered for breach or non-compliance of contractual terms cannot be construed as consideration for declared services under section 66E(e) and thus are not liable to service tax.

The Tribunal also underscored the necessity for judicial discipline and consistency by stating:

"In the matter of interlocutory orders principle of binding precedents cannot be said to apply. However, the need for consistency of approach & uniformity in the exercise of judicial discretion respecting similar course and desirability to eliminate occasions for grievances of discriminating treatment requires that all similar matters should receive similar treatment except when factual differences require a different treatment so that there is assurance of consistency. Uniformity, predictability and certainty of judicial approach."

Accordingly, on the sole issue of service tax liability on the amounts recovered as fines, penalties, and forfeitures, the Tribunal conclusively held that such amounts do not constitute consideration for declared services under section 66E(e) and are not taxable, thereby allowing the appeal and setting aside the impugned orders.