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2025 (5) TMI 500 - AT - Income TaxEstimation of income - bogus purchases - CIT(A) sustained the addition to the extent of 12.50% of purchases - HELD THAT - CIT(A) has applied the GP ratio of 12.50% following the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee s own case for the A.Y. 2011-12. Nothing has been brought on record as to why the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal which has been followed by the Ld.CIT(A) should not be applied in the facts of the present case How the facts of the instant case are distinguishable vis- -vis the facts which were considered by the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee s own case for the A.Y 2011-12. Therefore in absence of any material on record distinguishing the facts of the case vis- -vis for the A.Y. 2011-12 we do not see any infirmity in the order so passed by the Ld.CIT(A) who has followed the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee s own case. Appeal of the Revenue is dismissed.
1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED
The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in this appeal are: (a) Whether the addition made by the Assessing Officer (AO) on account of alleged bogus purchases from a suspicious dealer, M/s Cedilla Technologies, was justified in law and on facts; (b) Whether the quantum of addition disallowed by the AO, calculated by applying a gross profit (GP) ratio of 13.88% on the purchase amount of Rs. 10,16,028/-, was appropriate; (c) Whether the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] in restricting the addition to 12.50% of the purchases, following a precedent decision by the Tribunal in the assessee's own case for AY 2011-12, was legally sustainable; (d) Whether the Revenue's appeal against the CIT(A)'s order should be allowed or dismissed. 2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue (a) & (b): Justification and quantum of addition on account of alleged bogus purchases Relevant legal framework and precedents: The Income Tax Act, 1961 empowers the AO to disallow purchases considered bogus and add back corresponding profit embedded therein to the income of the assessee. The MVAT department's list of suspicious dealers is a relevant piece of information for identifying such bogus purchases. The principle of applying a GP ratio to the purchase amount to estimate income embedded in bogus purchases is well established. The Tribunal's earlier decision in the assessee's own case for AY 2011-12, upheld by the CIT(A) and the Tribunal's "J" Bench Mumbai, applied a GP ratio of 12.50% on such purchases. Court's interpretation and reasoning: The AO, relying on the MVAT department's list, treated the entire purchase of Rs. 10,16,028/- from M/s Cedilla Technologies as bogus and applied the GP ratio of 13.88%, resulting in an addition of Rs. 1,41,025/-. The CIT(A) partially allowed the appeal of the assessee and directed the AO to apply a GP ratio of 12.50%, following the precedent Tribunal decision for AY 2011-12, resulting in a reduced addition of Rs. 1,27,004/-. The Tribunal noted that the assessee failed to establish the genuineness of the purchases but had submitted tax invoices and payments by account payee cheque. Key evidence and findings: The AO's reliance on the MVAT list of suspicious dealers and the absence of verifiable corresponding sales or purchase rates were key factors. The CIT(A) relied on the Tribunal's earlier decision in the assessee's own case, which had sustained addition at 12.50% GP ratio. The assessee did not bring any new material distinguishing the facts of the present case from the earlier year. Application of law to facts: The Tribunal observed that the fact of bogus purchases was undisputed. The only question was the quantum of addition. The CIT(A)'s order was consistent with the Tribunal's earlier ruling, and no evidence was presented to justify deviation from the 12.50% GP ratio. The Tribunal found no infirmity in the CIT(A)'s approach. Treatment of competing arguments: The Revenue argued that the AO's higher GP ratio of 13.88% was justified as the assessee could not substantiate the genuineness of purchases and the rate of purchase was unverifiable. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal, however, gave precedence to the earlier Tribunal decision, which had fixed the GP ratio at 12.50%, and found no reason to depart from it. The assessee did not appear or contest the appeal before the Tribunal. Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s order restricting the addition to 12.50% of the purchases treated as bogus, dismissing the Revenue's appeal on merit. 3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS The Tribunal's key legal reasoning includes the following verbatim excerpt from the order: "We, therefore, find that the fact that there are bogus purchases to the tune of Rs. 10,16,028/- has been upheld by the Ld.CIT(A) and the same is not under dispute. The only limited issue to be adjudicated is the quantum of the amount which should be the subject matter of disallowance. The AO has disallowed a sum of Rs. 1,41,025/- by applying GP rate of 13.88% on the alleged bogus purchases of Rs. 10,16,028/-; whereas the Ld.CIT(A) has applied the GP ratio of 12.50%, following the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee"s own case for the A.Y. 2011-12. Nothing has been brought on record as to why the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal, which has been followed by the Ld.CIT(A) should not be applied in the facts of the present case. In other words, how the facts of the instant case are distinguishable vis-`a-vis the facts which were considered by the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee"s own case for the A.Y 2011-12. Therefore, in absence of any material on record, distinguishing the facts of the case vis-`a-vis for the A.Y. 2011-12, we do not see any infirmity in the order so passed by the Ld.CIT(A), who has followed the decision of the Co-ordinate Bench of the Tribunal in assessee"s own case." Core principles established: - The AO is justified in making additions on account of bogus purchases identified through credible external lists such as those prepared by the MVAT department. - The quantum of addition by applying a GP ratio must be consistent with precedents unless distinguishable facts warrant otherwise. - The Tribunal will follow its own coordinate bench decisions in absence of contrary material or distinguishing facts. Final determinations: - The addition of Rs. 1,27,004/- (12.50% of Rs. 10,16,028/-) on account of bogus purchases from M/s Cedilla Technologies is upheld. - The Revenue's appeal challenging the CIT(A)'s reduction of addition from Rs. 1,41,025/- to Rs. 1,27,004/- is dismissed.
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