2025 (5) TMI 1543 - AT - Income Tax

Addition u/s 68 - unexplained cash credit on account of share capital / share premium received by the assessee company - HELD THAT - Undoubtedly sufficient opportunities are afforded to the assessee to explain the basic ingredients required u/s 68 i.e. identity / creditworthiness of the investors and genuineness of transactions however the assessee fails in discharging the onus cast upon it to satisfy such conditions. The contention by AR that such unexplained investments received by the assessee are declared by the assessee which was raised before Ld. AO and such contentions are noted at para 4.17 cannot be accepted in totality as nothing corroborative could be brought on record to support such claim at the same time there was no whisper in the assessment order dealing with and dislodging such contentions further Ld. CIT(A) also had not commented on such claim of the assessee emerging from the assessment order therefore in all fairness the controversy raised in the assessee s appeal qualifies to be restore back to the file of CIT(A) for fresh adjudication. Ground No. 3(b) of the assesse s appeal is partly allowed for statistical purposes. Unaccounted income of the assessee by estimating the Gross Profit of the assessee at 8% of the unaccounted sales - HELD THAT - As on the issue of estimation of GP rate no further explanation clarification or evidence to dislodge our aforesaid view or the findings of AO or CIT(A) are brought on record by Ld. AR of the assessee we therefore are of the considered view that the issue is already covered by our earlier order in the assessee s own case 2025 (1) TMI 1558 - ITAT RAIPUR therefore our findings therein shall squarely apply in the present case accordingly ground no. 4 of the present appeal stands rejected. Addition on account of addition made in the earlier assessment year framed u/s 144 r.w.s. 147 even when the assessee company has filed an appeal which was pending at the time of assessment proceedings - We concur with the contention raised by the Ld. CIT-DR that since the assessee had not put up any appearance or had not furnished any response before the Ld. CIT(A) this issue remains unattended and the appeal of assessee was dismissed on exparte basis. Considering the totality of facts in the interest of justice we deem it fit to restore this issue back to the file of Ld. CIT(A). Resultantly Ground No. 5 of the instant appeal of the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes.

Summary

The core legal questions considered in these appeals revolve around the validity and legality of income tax assessments and appellate orders pertaining to multiple assessment years. The principal issues include:

1. Whether the appellate orders passed ex-parte by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (CIT(A)) were justified, considering the assessee's non-appearance and whether the appeals were decided on merits or merely on procedural grounds.

2. The legality and validity of reopening assessments under section 147 read with section 144 and assessments under section 153A of the Income Tax Act, including the validity of prior approvals under section 153D.

3. The correctness of additions made by the Assessing Officer (AO) on account of unexplained cash credits under section 68 of the Act, specifically relating to share capital, share premium, and share application money received from shell or paper companies.

4. Whether certain additions made on account of unexplained squared-up loans and commission on bogus sales are justified.

5. The applicability and correctness of the gross profit (GP) rate applied by the AO on undisclosed sales for estimating unaccounted income.

6. The issue of double taxation arising from additions made in multiple assessment years for the same income.

7. Whether proper interest under sections 234A, 234B, and 234C was computed and directed to be computed by the AO and CIT(A).

8. The procedural propriety of consolidated or common orders passed for multiple assessment years in violation of the mandate of section 153D.

9. The entitlement of the CIT(A) to dismiss appeals for non-prosecution and the obligation to dispose of appeals on merits.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis

1. Validity of Ex-parte Orders by CIT(A)

Legal Framework and Precedents: The CIT(A) is required under sections 250(4), 250(6), and 251 of the Income Tax Act to dispose of appeals on merits after considering all material and issues, even if not raised by the appellant. The CIT(A) cannot dismiss appeals merely on account of non-prosecution by the assessee without adjudicating the substantive issues, as held by the Hon'ble Bombay High Court in CIT vs. Premkumar Arjundas Luthra (HUF).

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the CIT(A) passed ex-parte orders based solely on the assessee's non-appearance without considering the merits or material on record. This approach was found to be contrary to the legal mandate requiring disposal on merits.

Conclusion: The Tribunal restored the matter to the CIT(A) for fresh adjudication with a speaking order on the issues raised, directing that the assessee be afforded reasonable opportunity to be heard.

2. Legality of Reopening Assessments Under Section 147/144 and Assessments Under Section 153A

Legal Framework: Section 147 permits reopening of assessments on the basis of "reasons to believe" that income has escaped assessment. Section 153A relates to assessments following search and seizure operations, requiring prior approval under section 153D for framing assessments or raising demands.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that the reopening orders and assessments under section 153A were challenged on grounds of invalid approval and consolidated orders covering multiple years. However, the Tribunal relied on a recent coordinate bench decision and the jurisdictional High Court's ruling in Hitesh Golecha vs. ACIT, which upheld the validity of consolidated approvals and assessments under section 153D, provided prior approval was obtained with application of mind.

Conclusion: The Tribunal dismissed the assessee's challenge to the validity of consolidated orders and approvals under section 153D, holding them to be in consonance with law.

3. Additions Under Section 68 on Account of Share Capital, Share Premium, and Share Application Money

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 68 imposes an onus on the assessee to satisfactorily explain the nature and source of any sum credited in books, particularly share capital or premium received from persons whose identity and creditworthiness must be established. The burden of proof lies with the assessee. The Supreme Court and various High Courts have consistently held that mere production of documents such as PAN or bank statements is insufficient to discharge this onus if the transactions are suspected to be sham or accommodation entries. Key precedents include CIT v. P. Mohankala, Sumati Dayal v. CIT, McDowell & Co. Ltd., and several High Court decisions emphasizing the need to establish identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO found that the share capital and premium were received from Kolkata-based shell or paper companies, which existed only on paper and were used to route unaccounted money. Despite multiple opportunities, the assessee failed to establish the identity, creditworthiness, or genuineness of these transactions. The CIT(A) confirmed the additions, noting the assessee's failure to provide satisfactory explanation and absence during hearings. The Tribunal upheld these findings, emphasizing that the mere use of banking channels or possession of incorporation certificates does not discharge the onus.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the settled legal principles to the facts, finding that the assessee did not meet the burden under section 68. The modus operandi of routing unaccounted money through shell companies was established by incriminating documents and statements obtained during search and seizure.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The assessee argued that the amounts were already declared and taxed, and therefore, additions would amount to double taxation. However, the Tribunal found no corroborative evidence supporting this claim and directed that this issue be reconsidered by the CIT(A) in fresh proceedings.

Conclusion: The additions under section 68 were largely sustained, except that the Tribunal set aside the question of double taxation for fresh adjudication.

4. Additions on Account of Unexplained Squared-up Loans and Commission on Bogus Sales

Legal Framework: Unexplained loans and bogus sales transactions can be added to income if the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain their nature and source. Commission income on bogus sales is taxable if the sales themselves are found to be fabricated.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO, based on incriminating documents and statements, concluded that the assessee was involved in bogus sales and returned cash as commission. The CIT(A) confirmed these additions after the assessee failed to appear or provide explanations. The Tribunal upheld these findings, noting the assessee's evasive conduct and failure to disprove the additions.

Conclusion: The additions on account of unexplained loans and commission on bogus sales were sustained.

5. Gross Profit Rate Applied on Undisclosed Sales

Legal Framework: The AO has discretion to estimate income based on reasonable gross profit rates on undisclosed sales, especially when the assessee's declared rate is not found credible.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO applied an 8% GP rate on unaccounted sales, rejecting the assessee's declared 5%. The CIT(A) confirmed this after the assessee failed to provide evidence or appear. The Tribunal found no infirmity in this approach, noting the assessee's failure to rebut the AO's estimation.

Conclusion: The addition based on 8% GP rate was upheld.

6. Double Taxation Issue

Legal Framework: Additions relating to the same income should not be made repeatedly across different assessment years to avoid double taxation.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee contended that certain additions were already made in earlier assessments and taxing them again would amount to double taxation. The Tribunal noted that the AO made an inadvertent clerical error by including an addition for AY 2012-13 under AY 2011-12 in the consolidated order. Since the CIT(A) did not address this due to non-appearance of the assessee, the Tribunal restored the issue for fresh adjudication.

Conclusion: The Tribunal partly allowed the appeal for statistical purposes and directed reconsideration of the double taxation issue by the CIT(A).

7. Computation of Interest Under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234C

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that this issue was raised but did not require separate adjudication in the absence of specific contentions or evidence. It was disposed of as consequential.

8. Validity of Consolidated Orders and Approvals Under Section 153D

Legal Framework: Section 153D requires prior approval for assessments framed under section 153A. The question arose whether consolidated approvals and orders covering multiple years violate the statutory mandate.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal, relying on a recent coordinate bench decision and the jurisdictional High Court's ruling, held that consolidated approvals and assessments are valid if prior approval is obtained with application of mind. The presumption is that official acts done in accordance with procedure are valid unless disproved.

Conclusion: The challenge to consolidated orders and approvals was dismissed.

9. Dismissal of Appeals for Non-Prosecution and Obligation to Decide on Merits

Legal Framework and Precedents: The CIT(A) is not empowered to dismiss appeals merely for non-prosecution; appeals must be disposed on merits as per statutory provisions and judicial pronouncements.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal emphasized that dismissal for non-prosecution without considering substantive issues is impermissible. However, where the assessee is persistently non-responsive, the CIT(A) may proceed to decide based on available material.

Conclusion: The Tribunal restored some matters for fresh adjudication but upheld others where the assessee's conduct was evasive and no explanation was forthcoming.

Significant Holdings

"The CIT(A) is obliged to dispose of an appeal on merits and cannot dismiss it merely on account of non-prosecution by the assessee. The CIT(A) must make such inquiries as deemed fit and render a speaking order on all points for determination."

"The onus under section 68 lies squarely on the assessee to establish the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of the transactions relating to share capital or unexplained cash credits. Mere production of documents like PAN or bank statements is insufficient if the transactions are found to be accommodation entries routed through shell companies."

"Consolidated or common orders and approvals under section 153A and 153D are valid provided prior approval is obtained with application of mind, and such approvals need not be detailed assessment orders."

"The Assessing Officer has wide powers to estimate income based on reasonable gross profit rates on undisclosed sales, especially when the declared rate by the assessee is not credible."

"Additions made in earlier assessment years cannot be repeated in subsequent years to avoid double taxation; any such errors must be corrected on appeal."

The Tribunal's final determinations were to partly allow the appeals for statistical purposes by restoring certain issues for fresh adjudication by the CIT(A), particularly those involving validity of reopening, double taxation, and unexplained cash credits claimed to have been declared. Other grounds, including additions on share capital, bogus sales, and GP estimation, were upheld in favor of the revenue. The appeals were disposed of accordingly with directions for compliance with procedural fairness and adherence to legal principles.