2025 (5) TMI 1568 - AT - Income Tax

Rejection of application filed for regularization of registration u/s 12AB and section 80G(5) - cash withdrawals by a trustee - HELD THAT - The extent of spending or surplus generated cannot by itself be a ground for doubting the genuineness of activities. We also were of the view that the question with respect to expenses incurred towards the object of the trust is the part of assessment proceedings and not for raising at the time of granting the registration. Regarding this we find support and guidance from the judgment of Garden City Educational Trust 2009 (7) TMI 832 - KARNATAKA HIGH COURT held that registration cannot be refused merely because at the initial stage the trust has not carried out large-scale activities or only incurred administrative expenses. What is relevant is the intention to carry out charitable activities as reflected from the trust s objects and initial activities. Cash withdrawals by a trustee - Assessee has placed before the authorities the trust deed evidencing its charitable objectives. There is no material brought on record by the ld. CIT(E) suggesting that the objectives are non-charitable or that the activities undertaken are not genuine. The allegation regarding cash withdrawals by a trustee without any evidence of diversion for non-charitable purposes cannot be held sufficient to deny registration. Assessee has only meagre amount out of the gross receipt we find that it is not uncommon especially in the initial stages for trusts to incur preliminary administrative expenses for setting up operations hiring personnel and laying the groundwork for future charitable activities. It is also pertinent to note that the assessee for the A.Y. 2024-25 has accumulated an amount of Rs. 40 Lakh which constitute 81.55 % of income or receipt towards setting up free training facility centre for skill development for poor and needy which strengthened the above view. CIT(E) has adopted a highly technical and pedantic approach by focusing on the mode of expenditure rather than evaluating the genuineness of the objectives and the growing stage of the trust s activities. The assessee s explanation that it is in the process of setting up infrastructure and mobilizing resources for larger projects has not been found to be false or untrue. Law prescribes that any violation regarding the actual application of income can be examined during the assessment proceedings and appropriate action under the relevant sections read with Section 12AB can be taken but such potential violations cannot be pre-judged at the registration stage. We hereby set aside the issue to the file of learned CIT(E) for fresh consideration of the assessee s application. Appeal filed by the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes.

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered in the appeals are:

(a) Whether the application for regularization of registration under section 12AB of the Act by the assessee trust should be rejected on the ground that the trust has not incurred sufficient expenditure towards its charitable objects and has instead incurred majority of its receipts towards administrative expenses;

(b) Whether the genuineness of the charitable activities carried out by the assessee trust has been established to the satisfaction of the Commissioner under section 12AB(1)(b)(i & ii) of the Act;

(c) Whether cash withdrawals by a trustee without explanation can be a valid ground for rejecting registration under section 12AB;

(d) Whether the rejection of registration under section 80G(5) of the Act can be sustained on the same grounds as the rejection under section 12AB;

(e) The extent to which the authorities can examine the actual application of income and expenditure incurred by the trust at the stage of granting or regularizing registration under section 12AB;

(f) The applicability of judicial precedents regarding the scope and parameters for granting registration under section 12AB and 80G of the Act.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue (a) and (b): Rejection of registration under section 12AB on grounds of insufficient expenditure on charitable activities and genuineness of activities

The legal framework governing registration under section 12AB mandates that the Principal Commissioner or Commissioner must satisfy themselves about the genuineness of the activities carried out by the trust and compliance with applicable laws material for achieving the trust's objectives. The registration can be refused if these conditions are not met.

The Court referred extensively to the Supreme Court ruling in Ananda Social and Educational Trust vs. CIT, which clarified that the term 'activities' includes 'proposed activities' at the stage of granting registration. The Commissioner's role is to examine whether the objects of the trust are genuinely charitable and whether the proposed activities align with these objects. The Commissioner is not required to assess the actual performance or expenditure incurred but rather the genuineness of the objects and proposed activities.

Further, the Allahabad High Court's decision in CIT vs. Red Rose School was relied upon to emphasize that the Commissioner is not to act as an Assessing Officer at the registration stage. The genuineness of activities means they are real, sincere, and in consonance with the trust's objects, not mere camouflage. Mere suspicion or apprehension of misuse of income cannot justify rejection of registration. The Court also highlighted that the extent of spending or surplus generated cannot, by itself, be a ground for doubting genuineness.

The Karnataka High Court's judgment in Director of Income Tax (Exemptions) vs. Garden City Educational Trust was also cited, holding that registration cannot be refused merely because the trust has incurred administrative expenses initially or has not carried out large-scale activities. The intention to carry out charitable activities, as reflected from the trust deed and initial activities, is the relevant criterion.

Applying these principles, the Court observed that the assessee had placed the trust deed evidencing charitable objectives and there was no material to show that the objectives were non-charitable or that activities were not genuine. The allegation of cash withdrawals by a trustee without explanation was not supported by evidence of diversion for non-charitable purposes. The fact that only a small portion of the receipts was spent on charitable activities was explained as preliminary administrative expenses and setting up infrastructure for future projects, which is common in initial stages.

The assessee's accumulation of Rs. 40 lakh (81.55% of income) for setting up a free training facility for skill development was noted as a positive indication of genuine intent. The Court found the CIT(E)'s approach to be overly technical and pedantic, focusing unduly on mode of expenditure rather than genuineness and developmental stage of the trust.

The Court emphasized that potential violations regarding application of income can be examined in assessment proceedings and cannot be pre-judged at the registration stage.

Issue (c): Cash withdrawals by trustee

The JAO reported multiple cash withdrawals of Rs. 50,000 each by a trustee without explanation, which was cited as a reason to doubt genuineness. However, the Court found no evidence that these withdrawals were diverted for non-charitable purposes. Mere unexplained withdrawals, without proof of misuse, cannot be a ground to deny registration.

Issue (d): Rejection of registration under section 80G(5) of the Act

The Court noted that the provisions of section 12AB and section 80G(5) are pari materia regarding registration. Since the issue of registration under section 12AB was decided in favour of the assessee, the same reasoning and outcome applied to the registration under section 80G(5). Therefore, the rejection under section 80G(5) was also set aside for fresh consideration.

Issue (e): Extent of examination of income and expenditure at registration stage

The Court reiterated that the registration stage is not the forum to scrutinize the actual application of income or the manner of expenditure incurred. The role of the Commissioner is limited to examining genuineness of objects and proposed activities. Assessment proceedings are the appropriate stage to examine the application of income and take action if violations are found.

Issue (f): Applicability of judicial precedents

The Court relied on authoritative precedents from the Supreme Court and High Courts to clarify the scope of inquiry at the registration stage. These precedents emphasize that registration should not be denied on mere suspicion, technicalities, or preliminary administrative expenses. Genuine charitable objectives and bona fide intent to carry out charitable activities are the key considerations.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

"Since section 12AA pertains to the registration of the Trust and not to assess of what a trust has actually done, we are of the view that the term 'activities' in the provision includes 'proposed activities'. That is to say, a Commissioner is bound to consider whether the objects of the Trust are genuinely charitable in nature and whether the activities which the Trust proposed to carry on are genuine in the sense that they are in line with the objects of the Trust."

"The Commissioner is not to act as an Assessing Officer and is only required to examine the objects and genuineness of activities based on materials placed before him... on mere presumptions and on surmises that income derived by the trust or the institution is being misused or that there is some apprehension that the same would not be used in the proper manner and for the purposes relating to any charitable purpose, rejection cannot be made."

"Registration cannot be refused merely because at the initial stage the trust has not carried out large-scale activities or only incurred administrative expenses. What is relevant is the intention to carry out charitable activities as reflected from the trust's objects and initial activities."

"The question with respect to expenses incurred towards the object of the trust is the part of assessment proceedings and not for raising at the time of granting the registration."

The Court concluded that the rejection of registration under section 12AB and consequently under section 80G(5) was not justified on the facts and law. The matter was remanded for fresh consideration in light of the legal principles and judicial precedents discussed, ensuring that the genuineness of the trust's objects and proposed activities are the primary criteria rather than preliminary expenditure patterns or unexplained cash withdrawals without evidence of misuse.

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