2025 (5) TMI 1755 - HC - Central Excise

Availment of Cenvat Credit on sugar cess - non-consideration of provisions of sub-section (4) of Section 3 of the Cess Act which is for the purpose of levy and collection of cess - HELD THAT - The substantial questions of law were considered by this Court in the case of Commissioner of CGST Central Excise Kolkata South GST Bhawan Vs. M/s. Diamond Beverages Pvt. Ltd. 2025 (5) TMI 1219 - CALCUTTA HIGH COURT and the appeal filed by the revenue was dismissed and the substantial questions of law were answered against the revenue. Thus this appeal has to be dismissed and accordingly the same is dismissed and the substantial questions of law are answered against the revenue.

Summary

The core legal questions considered by the Court in this appeal are as follows:

a) Whether the respondent's availment of Cenvat Credit on sugar cess was irregular due to the absence of explicit provisions authorizing such credit under Rule 3(1) of the Cenvat Credit Rules, 2004;

b) Whether the respondent is entitled to Cenvat Credit on sugar cess under Section 3 of the Sugar Cess Act, 1982, considering that the cess was collected for development of the sugar industry and related matters;

c) Whether the Tribunal erred in law by not holding that the filing and admission of Special Leave Petitions (SLPs) before the Supreme Court rendered the High Court judgment non-final and subject to further determination;

d) Whether the Tribunal erred in law by not considering the Supreme Court's grant of leave in certain SLPs and adjournment of hearings related to judgments of the Karnataka High Court in similar matters.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis

1. Legality of availment of Cenvat Credit on sugar cess in absence of explicit provision in Rule 3(1) of Cenvat Credit Rules, 2004

The relevant legal framework includes the Cenvat Credit Rules, 2004, particularly Rule 3(1), which enumerates duties eligible for Cenvat Credit, and the Sugar Cess Act, 1982, which levies a cess on sugar production. The revenue's contention was that since sugar cess was not explicitly mentioned in Rule 3(1), credit on such cess was impermissible.

The Court referred extensively to a prior decision in a case involving similar questions, where it was held that the sugar cess levied under the Sugar Cess Act qualifies as a duty of excise. This conclusion was based on the statutory provisions and judicial precedents interpreting the nature of the cess. The Court emphasized that the cess is levied at the stage of sugar production and is a tax on production, thus constituting a duty of excise. Consequently, the absence of explicit mention in Rule 3(1) does not preclude the availment of Cenvat Credit, as the cess is effectively an excise duty under the law.

The Court also examined Section 3 of the Central Excise Act, 1944, which is the charging section for excise duties, and noted that excise duty is leviable under both the Central Excise Act and the Sugar Cess Act. Hence, the sugar cess qualifies as an excise duty for the purpose of credit.

The Court rejected the revenue's argument that the cess is a fee rather than a duty of excise, noting that the traditional requirement of a quid pro quo for fees has evolved. The cess proceeds are credited to the Consolidated Fund of India and subsequently appropriated for the Sugar Development Fund, indicating that it is a tax/duty rather than a fee.

2. Entitlement to Cenvat Credit on sugar cess under Section 3 of Sugar Cess Act, 1982

The Sugar Cess Act, 1982 imposes a cess on sugar produced by sugar factories, with proceeds credited to the Consolidated Fund of India and appropriated by Parliament to the Sugar Development Fund. The Court analyzed Articles 266 and 270 of the Constitution concerning taxation and funds.

The Court held that since the cess proceeds go to the Consolidated Fund and are appropriated by Parliament, the cess is a tax/duty and not a fee. Therefore, it falls within the ambit of excise duty, making the respondent entitled to Cenvat Credit on the sugar cess paid.

The Court quoted the prior judgment stating: "...the cess imposed under the Act is a duty of excise or a tax. The contention that it is a fee and the assessee is not entitled to Cenvat credit has no substance." This reasoning establishes the cess as a duty of excise, thereby entitling the respondent to credit.

3. Effect of filing and admission of Special Leave Petitions on finality of High Court judgment

The revenue contended that the Tribunal erred in not recognizing that the High Court judgment was not final because of pending SLPs before the Supreme Court. The Court noted that in the prior case involving identical issues, the Supreme Court had disposed of the appeal filed by the revenue as not pressed, effectively upholding the High Court decision.

Therefore, the Court held that the judgment of the High Court stands as the binding precedent, and the pendency or admission of SLPs does not render the High Court decision non-final in this context. The Court rejected the argument that the matter remains undecided or in jeopardy due to pending Supreme Court proceedings.

4. Consideration of Supreme Court's grant of leave and adjournment of hearings related to Karnataka High Court judgment

The revenue argued that the Tribunal erred in not considering the Supreme Court's grant of leave in certain SLPs and adjournment of hearings related to the Karnataka High Court's judgment in a similar matter.

The Court clarified that the Supreme Court's disposal of the appeal as not pressed in the related case and the binding nature of the High Court decision override the effect of any adjournments or pending SLPs. The Court affirmed that the Tribunal correctly relied on the binding precedent and did not err in rejecting the revenue's contentions on this ground.

Significant Holdings

"The sugar cess paid under the Act is tax, and to be precise it is Duty of Excise and not fee."

"The cess imposed under the Act is a duty of excise or a tax. The contention that it is a fee and the assessee is not entitled to Cenvat credit has no substance."

"Section 3 of the Act provides for levy and collection as a cess for the purpose of Sugar Development Fund Act, 1982, a duty of excise on all sugar produced by any sugar factory in India and, therefore, the cess leviable and collected is at the stage of production of sugar in the sugar factory. Because it is a tax on production, it is described as a duty of excise."

"The appeal filed by the revenue is dismissed and the substantial questions of law are answered against the revenue."

The Court established the principle that a cess which is credited to the Consolidated Fund and appropriated by Parliament, even if labeled a "cess," may constitute a duty of excise and thus qualify for Cenvat Credit. The Court confirmed that the sugar cess under the Sugar Cess Act, 1982, is such a duty of excise.

Further, the Court affirmed that the absence of explicit mention in the Cenvat Credit Rules does not preclude credit when the cess is a duty of excise as per the statutory framework and judicial interpretation.

Finally, the Court held that the prior High Court decision remains binding and final, notwithstanding pending or admitted SLPs, particularly where the Supreme Court has disposed of related appeals as not pressed.