2025 (6) TMI 78 - HC - Income Tax

Reopening of assessment u/s 147 - deduction u/s 80-IB(10) claimed by the petitioner was not allowable because the residential project Venus Parkland - HELD THAT - It is clear that before the AO have assumed the jurisdiction to reopen the assessment proceedings only on the ground that disallowance was made by the AO in the Year 2012-13 CIT(A) by order dated 31.07.2019 had already allowed such deductions and therefore AO could not have assumed the jurisdiction to disallow deduction claimed by the petitioner u/s 80IB (10) on the ground that the project was not completed as on 31.03.2012. Petition is allowed.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Court in this matter are:

(a) Whether the notice issued under section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for reopening the assessment for the Assessment Year (AY) 2016-17 is valid and legal;

(b) Whether the Assessing Officer had jurisdiction to reopen the assessment for AY 2016-17 on the ground that deduction under section 80-IB(10) claimed by the petitioner was not allowable because the residential project "Venus Parkland" was not completed within the prescribed time limit as per the findings in AY 2012-13;

(c) Whether the earlier orders passed by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) in favor of the petitioner with respect to disallowance under section 80-IB(10) for AY 2012-13 operate as res judicata or bar the reopening of assessment for AY 2016-17;

(d) Whether the conditions laid down under section 80-IB(10) regarding project completion timelines and allotment restrictions were complied with by the petitioner;

(e) Whether the Assessing Officer's reasons recorded for reopening the assessment for AY 2016-17 are sufficient and justified in law.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue (a) and (b): Validity and Jurisdiction for Reopening Assessment under Section 148 for AY 2016-17

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Section 148 of the Income Tax Act empowers the Assessing Officer to reopen an assessment if he has reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. The reopening must be based on tangible material or information indicating escapement of income. Jurisdiction to reopen is circumscribed by previous final orders and principles of res judicata, especially where identical issues have been adjudicated upon.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Court noted that the petitioner's claim for deduction under section 80-IB(10) for AY 2012-13 had been scrutinized and disallowed by the Assessing Officer initially, but subsequently allowed by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and upheld by the ITAT. These orders had attained finality. The reopening for AY 2016-17 was premised solely on the ground that the project was not completed within the prescribed time limit, a fact which had been conclusively decided in favor of the petitioner in AY 2012-13.

The Court reasoned that since the identical issue regarding project completion and eligibility for deduction under section 80-IB(10) was already adjudicated and decided in petitioner's favor, the Assessing Officer could not assume jurisdiction to reopen the assessment for AY 2016-17 on the same ground. The reopening notice dated 31.03.2021 was therefore without jurisdiction and liable to be quashed.

Key evidence and findings: The petitioner's project "Venus Parkland" was approved by the local authority on 30.03.2007 with a prescribed completion deadline of 31.03.2012. The Assessing Officer for AY 2012-13 had found that the project was incomplete as on 31.03.2012, disallowing deduction under section 80-IB(10). However, the CIT(A) and ITAT reversed this finding based on facts and submissions, allowing the deduction.

For AY 2016-17, the petitioner claimed deduction under section 80-IB(10) again, paid tax under section 115JB on book profits, and filed return. No scrutiny assessment was made initially. The reopening notice was issued relying on the earlier disallowance for AY 2012-13. The Court found this reliance misplaced given the appellate orders in favor of the petitioner.

Application of law to facts: The Court applied the principle that reopening cannot be based on a matter already conclusively decided in earlier assessments and appeals. The Assessing Officer's reasons for reopening were essentially a re-examination of the same facts and issue already adjudicated, which is impermissible.

Treatment of competing arguments: The Revenue argued that the reopening was justified based on information collected regarding non-completion of the project and breach of conditions under section 80-IB(10). The Court rejected this, emphasizing that the appellate findings in AY 2012-13 were binding and precluded re-opening on the same issue for AY 2016-17.

Conclusions: The reopening notice under section 148 for AY 2016-17 was invalid and without jurisdiction. The Court quashed the notice.

Issue (c): Res Judicata and Effect of Earlier Appellate Orders

Relevant legal framework and precedents: The doctrine of res judicata bars re-litigation of issues that have been finally decided between the same parties. The final orders of the CIT(A) and ITAT on AY 2012-13 constitute binding precedent for subsequent assessments involving the same facts and legal questions.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Court held that the earlier appellate orders allowing the deduction under section 80-IB(10) for AY 2012-13 conclusively decided the question of project completion and eligibility. The reopening for AY 2016-17 on identical grounds violates the principle of finality and is barred by res judicata.

Key evidence and findings: The CIT(A) order dated 31.07.2019 and ITAT order dated 17.09.2021 were relied upon. Both had found the project completed within the prescribed time and allowed the deduction.

Application of law to facts: Since the issue was conclusively decided, the Assessing Officer could not revisit the same issue in a later year's assessment.

Treatment of competing arguments: Revenue's contention that the reopening was based on fresh information was rejected as the information related to the same facts already adjudicated.

Conclusions: The principle of res judicata applies, barring reopening on the same issue.

Issue (d): Compliance with Conditions under Section 80-IB(10)

Relevant legal framework: Section 80-IB(10) provides deduction for profits derived from residential housing projects subject to conditions including completion within 5 years from the end of the financial year in which the project was approved and restrictions on allotment of units to certain persons.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Assessing Officer's reasons recorded non-completion of the project as on 31.03.2012 and violation of allotment conditions, including block booking of multiple flats by a single non-individual entity, which contravened the Act's eligibility criteria.

However, these findings had been examined and negatived by the CIT(A) and ITAT for AY 2012-13. The Court observed that the petitioner had been held entitled to the deduction after due scrutiny of these conditions.

Key evidence: AUDA's approval letter, building permissions, and letters regarding incomplete blocks were considered. The petitioner's submissions and the appellate orders were also examined.

Application of law to facts: The Court found that the petitioner had complied with the conditions as per the appellate findings, and the reopening notice's reliance on alleged non-compliance was not sustainable.

Treatment of competing arguments: Revenue's argument on violation of allotment conditions and incomplete project was rejected in light of appellate findings.

Conclusions: The petitioner complied with conditions under section 80-IB(10) as per final appellate orders.

Issue (e): Sufficiency and Justification of Reasons for Reopening

Relevant legal framework: The Assessing Officer must record valid and sufficient reasons based on tangible material to justify reopening under section 148.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The reasons recorded for reopening were essentially a reiteration of issues already decided. The Court found that the reasons did not constitute new information or material justifying reopening.

Key evidence: The reasons recorded highlighted non-completion of project and violation of allotment conditions, which were already adjudicated.

Application of law to facts: The Court held that the reasons were insufficient to assume jurisdiction for reopening.

Treatment of competing arguments: Revenue's claim of fresh information was negated by the Court.

Conclusions: Reasons for reopening were inadequate and invalid.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

"Having regard to the controversy involved which is in narrow compass, with the consent of the learned advocates for the parties, the matter is taken up for hearing."

"On perusal of the above reasons, it is clear that before the Assessing Officer have assumed the jurisdiction to reopen the assessment proceedings only on the ground that disallowance was made by the Assessing Officer in the Year 2012-13, the CIT(A), by order dated 31.07.2019, had already allowed such deductions and therefore, the respondent-Assessing Officer could not have assumed the jurisdiction to disallow deduction claimed by the petitioner under section 80IB (10) of the Act for the Assessment Year 2016-17 on the ground that the project was not completed as on 31.03.2012."

"The impugned notice dated 31.03.2021 for reopening is hereby quashed and set aside."

Core principles established include:

- Reopening of assessment under section 148 cannot be based on a matter already conclusively adjudicated upon in earlier assessment years and appellate orders.

- The doctrine of res judicata applies to assessment proceedings where identical issues have been finally decided.

- Reasons recorded for reopening must be based on fresh tangible material and not mere reiteration of previously decided facts.

Final determinations on each issue:

(a) The reopening notice under section 148 for AY 2016-17 is invalid and without jurisdiction.

(b) The Assessing Officer cannot disallow deduction under section 80-IB(10) for AY 2016-17 on grounds already decided in AY 2012-13.

(c) The appellate orders in AY 2012-13 operate as res judicata and bar reopening on the same issue.

(d) The petitioner complied with the conditions under section 80-IB(10) as per final orders.

(e) The reasons recorded for reopening were insufficient and unjustified.