2025 (6) TMI 271 - AT - Customs

Undervaluation of imported goods - failure to disclose the correct assesable value at the time of import of the goods - Confiscation - redemption fine - penalty - HELD THAT - There is no dispute that the appellant has initialy declared the value of the product Firepower 4110 NGFW APPL 1U 2X NETMOD Bays K9 as per the commercial invoice issued by their overseas entity as USD 100 whereas on subsequent enquiry by the Customs Department the true value has been disclosed as USD 64, 496.42 which is equivalent to Rs. 42, 01, 942/-. The appellant in explaining the non-disclosure of the correct value of the imported goods for the purpose of assessment submitted that due to inter-office correspondence mistake the invoice was raised disclosing the value of the product as USD 100 which was meant for local transfers. He submits that they have no intention whatsoever to evade payment of duty therefore quantum of fine and penalty is too harsh. It is informed that the appellant is a STP unit and also disclosed the true value immediately after being enquired by the Department and have waived the issuance of show-cause notice as well as personal hearing admitting their mistake. The impostion of penalty both under Sections 112(ii) and 114AA in my opinion is not justified. Therefore penalty under Section 114AA needs to be set aside. Also the imposition of Rs. 10, 00, 000/- as fine also excessive and in the facts and circumstances of the case the same is reduced to Rs. 5, 00, 000/- to meet the ends of justice. In the result the impugned order is modified and penalty under Section 112(ii) is confirmed and penalty under Section 114AA is set aside. Redemption fine is reduced to Rs. 5, 00, 000/-. Appeal is disposed of accordingly.

Summary

Issues Presented and Considered

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal are:

• Whether the initial undervaluation of imported goods by the appellant constituted a violation warranting confiscation and imposition of penalties under the Customs Act, 1962.
• Whether the appellant's explanation of a bona fide inter-office error and subsequent voluntary disclosure of the correct value absolves them from penalty or reduces the quantum of penalty and fine.
• The appropriateness and quantum of penalties and fines imposed under Sections 112(ii), 114AA, and confiscation under Section 111(m) of the Customs Act, 1962.
• The applicability of procedural safeguards and whether waiver of show-cause notice and personal hearing affects the penalty imposition.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis

Issue 1: Validity of the initial undervaluation and its consequences under Customs law

The legal framework governing import valuation and penalties is primarily the Customs Act, 1962. Section 111(m) empowers confiscation of goods if any misdeclaration or undervaluation is detected. Sections 112(ii) and 114AA provide for penalties for improper declarations and evasion of duty.

The Tribunal noted that the appellant initially declared the value of the imported server as USD 100, which was significantly lower than the true value of USD 64,496.42. This discrepancy was detected by Customs during investigation and the goods were detained. The appellant later submitted a letter from their overseas entity clarifying the correct value, attributing the undervaluation to an inter-office communication error between their shipment and transaction departments.

The Court acknowledged that the appellant is an STP (Software Technology Park) unit engaged in IT exports and that the imported goods were for self-use. The appellant had not contested the enhanced assessable value and had waived issuance of show-cause notice and personal hearing, thereby admitting the mistake.

The Revenue contended that the undervaluation constituted a violation of Customs procedures and justified confiscation and penalties. The Tribunal, however, found that the explanation of a bona fide error was credible and uncontested by the Revenue. The absence of any evidence suggesting intentional evasion or fraud was a significant factor in the Court's reasoning.

Issue 2: Applicability and quantum of penalties and fines

The Tribunal examined the penalties imposed under Sections 112(ii) and 114AA and the fine for redemption of confiscated goods. The appellant argued that the penalty and fine were excessive given the absence of intent to evade duty and the voluntary disclosure of the correct value.

The Court noted that penalty under Section 112(ii) relates to improper declaration, while Section 114AA pertains to misdeclaration or suppression of facts. Given that the appellant voluntarily disclosed the correct value immediately after enquiry and waived procedural rights, the Court held that penalty under Section 114AA was not justified.

Regarding the fine of Rs. 10,00,000/- imposed for redemption of goods, the Tribunal considered the circumstances and found it excessive. The fine was accordingly reduced to Rs. 5,00,000/- to meet the ends of justice, balancing the need to uphold Customs law with the appellant's bona fide conduct.

The penalty under Section 112(ii) was confirmed, reflecting the necessity to maintain compliance standards, but the more stringent penalty under Section 114AA was set aside.

Issue 3: Procedural aspects and waiver of show-cause notice and personal hearing

The appellant's waiver of show-cause notice and personal hearing was considered relevant in assessing the nature of the violation and the appropriateness of penalties. The Tribunal observed that the appellant's admission of error and cooperation with the Department mitigated the severity of the breach.

The Revenue did not dispute the waiver or present evidence contradicting the appellant's explanation. This factor contributed to the Tribunal's decision to reduce penalties and fine.

Significant Holdings

The Tribunal held:

"Under these circumstances, imposition of penalty both under Sections 112(ii) and 114AA, in my opinion is not justified. Therefore, penalty under Section 114AA needs to be set aside."

"I find that imposition of Rs. 10,00,000/- as fine also excessive and in the facts and circumstances of the case, the same is reduced to Rs. 5,00,000/- to meet the ends of justice."

Core principles established include:

• A bona fide error in valuation, promptly disclosed and admitted by the importer, can mitigate or negate penalties under the Customs Act.
• Penalties under different sections must be applied judiciously, considering intent, cooperation, and procedural compliance.
• Confiscation and fines should be proportionate to the nature of the violation and the conduct of the importer.
• Waiver of procedural rights such as show-cause notice and personal hearing can be a factor in assessing penalty quantum.

Final determinations were:

• Confirming the enhanced assessable value at USD 64,496.42 (Rs. 42,01,942/-).
• Setting aside penalty under Section 114AA.
• Confirming penalty under Section 112(ii).
• Reducing redemption fine from Rs. 10,00,000/- to Rs. 5,00,000/-.
• Disposal of the appeal with modification of the impugned order accordingly.