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2025 (6) TMI 715 - AT - Income TaxIncome from other sources - Addition of 15% on account of capital grants in subsidy and consumer contribution transferred to profit and loss account during the year as against 5.28% offered by the assessee in respect of addition on account of income from other sources - HELD THAT - It is pertinent to note that the assessee has given a bifurcation of the return of income but whether the same is related to the difference in respect of income from other sources or not has not been discussed by the CIT(A) in the order dated 01-11-2024. Therefore this issue needs adjudication and hence the matter is remanded back to the file of the CIT(A) for deciding whether this issue arises from the same addition or not and decide as per the Income Tax provisions. The assessee be given opportunity of hearing by following principles of natural justice.
1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED
The core legal questions considered by the Appellate Tribunal (AT) in these appeals arising from orders of the National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC) for assessment years 2017-18 and 2021-22 include:
2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Additions on Account of Interest Accrued but Not Due on Loans (Assessment Year 2017-18) Legal Framework and Precedents: The treatment of interest accrued but not due on loans under the Income Tax Act requires examination of whether such interest is payable as on the balance sheet date and whether it constitutes income under the Act. The principle that income should be recognized on accrual basis only if it is due and payable is relevant. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The CIT(A) confirmed the addition of Rs. 17,91,17,390/- on the ground that the interest accrued remained unpaid at the end of the year, ignoring the contention that the interest was not payable as on the close of the year. The Tribunal noted that the addition was confirmed without proper consideration of the fact that the interest was not due as on the balance sheet date. Key Evidence and Findings: The appellant contended that the interest was accrued but not payable as on the close of the year, and hence should not be added to income. The CIT(A) did not address this contention substantively. Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal found that the CIT(A) erred in law by ignoring the actual due date of payment of interest. Mere accrual without the interest being due or payable does not justify addition to income. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal sided with the appellant's argument that the interest was not payable as on the close of the year and that the CIT(A) wrongly confirmed the addition. Conclusion: The issue requires adjudication on merits after proper consideration of whether the interest was due and payable as on the balance sheet date. The matter was remanded for fresh consideration. Issue 2: Additions Relating to Government Grants, Subsidies & Consumer Contributions (Assessment Years 2017-18 and 2021-22) Legal Framework and Precedents: The treatment of government grants and subsidies under the Income Tax Act, particularly their recognition as income and the proportion of such grants to be transferred to the Profit & Loss Account, is governed by accounting principles and tax provisions. The percentage of grants to be treated as income may vary based on the nature of grants and the facts of each year. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: For AY 2017-18, the CIT(A) confirmed additions of Rs. 195,68,27,264/- merely following orders of earlier years without fresh examination of facts. For AY 2021-22, the CIT(A) confirmed addition of 15% of the total grants/subsidies/consumer contributions as income, rejecting the appellant's offer of 5.28%, without adequately considering that the facts of the year under consideration were different from earlier years. Key Evidence and Findings: The appellant argued that the facts for AY 2021-22 were materially different and that the CIT(A) failed to consider these differences. The CIT(A) also did not provide findings on similar additions made under section 115JB of the Act. Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal observed that the CIT(A) did not properly examine the factual matrix of the relevant assessment year and mechanically applied the percentage from earlier years. The difference in facts warranted fresh adjudication. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The appellant's contention that the percentage of grants to be treated as income should be reconsidered based on the year's facts was accepted as a valid ground requiring adjudication. The CIT(A)'s approach was found to be insufficient. Conclusion: The matter was remanded to the CIT(A) for fresh consideration of the percentage of grants and subsidies to be treated as income, taking into account the specific facts of the assessment year and applicable tax provisions. Issue 3: Dismissal of Appeal on Ground of Delay (Assessment Year 2017-18) Legal Framework and Precedents: The limitation period for filing appeals under the Income Tax Act is calculated from the date of service of the assessment order. Jurisprudence holds that the date of issuance of the order is not the relevant date; rather, the date on which the assessee is served with the order triggers the limitation period. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The CIT(A) dismissed the appeal on the ground of delay, calculating the due date from the date of issuance of the assessment order (30-03-2023) rather than the date of service (07-08-2023). The Tribunal found the CIT(A)'s calculation erroneous and that the appeal was filed within the prescribed time limit. Key Evidence and Findings: The appellant filed the appeal on 25-08-2023, within the due date of 15-09-2023 based on the date of service. The CIT(A) ignored this and dismissed the appeal summarily. Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal held that the limitation period starts from the date of service, not the date of issuance, and therefore the dismissal on the ground of delay was incorrect. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The appellant's submissions were accepted, and the CIT(A)'s dismissal was set aside. Conclusion: The appeal was restored and remanded to the CIT(A) for adjudication on merits. Issue 4: Treatment of Interest Income as Income from Other Sources (Assessment Year 2021-22) Legal Framework and Precedents: Interest income is generally taxable under the head "Income from Other Sources" unless specifically exempted. The classification depends on the nature of the income and the provisions of the Income Tax Act. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The CIT(A) confirmed the addition of Rs. 2,62,08,000/- treating it as income from other sources. The appellant contended that the facts of the year were different from earlier years and that this difference was not considered by the CIT(A). Key Evidence and Findings: The appellant provided a bifurcation of return of income and argued that the interest income should not have been treated as income from other sources without proper examination. Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal observed that the CIT(A) did not discuss whether the bifurcation related to income from other sources or not, and hence the issue was not properly adjudicated. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The appellant's argument that the treatment of interest income required fresh examination was accepted. Conclusion: The matter was remanded to the CIT(A) for proper adjudication whether the interest income addition arises from the same addition and for decision in accordance with law. Issue 5: Jurisdiction of CIT(A) Regarding Returned Income Intimation under Section 143(1) Legal Framework and Precedents: The scope of appeal before CIT(A) excludes certain intimation orders passed under section 143(1) of the Income Tax Act. However, if the returned income forms the base of total income assessed, the CIT(A) may have jurisdiction to consider related grounds. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The CIT(A) dismissed grounds relating to erroneous computation of total income on the basis that the returned income intimation under section 143(1) was outside its jurisdiction. The appellant argued that the returned income formed the base of total income computed in the impugned assessment order. Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal noted that the CIT(A) did not appreciate that the returned income was the foundation of the assessment order. Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal implied that the CIT(A)'s dismissal on jurisdictional ground was incorrect as the issue was integral to the assessment. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The appellant's contention was accepted for further adjudication on merits. Conclusion: The matter requires reconsideration by the CIT(A) in light of this observation. 3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS "Merely issuing the order on 30-03-2023 will not start the due date of filing of appeal, but the calculation of the due date for filing of appeal which was done by the assessee seems to be plausible." "The CIT(A) was not right in dismissing the appeal on the ground of delay. The CIT(A) has not at all considered the appeal on merit and therefore it will be proper to remand back the matter to the file of CIT(A) for proper verification and adjudication of the issues on merit and as per Income Tax Act." "The CIT(A) did not properly examine the factual matrix of the relevant assessment year and mechanically applied the percentage from earlier years. The difference in facts warranted fresh adjudication." "The CIT(A) did not discuss whether the bifurcation of income relates to income from other sources or not, and hence the issue was not properly adjudicated." "The returned income itself formed base of the total income computed in the impugned assessment order and hence the CIT(A) ought to have considered the grounds relating to erroneous computation of total income." Core principles established include the necessity of applying the limitation period from the date of service of the assessment order, the requirement of adjudicating appeals on merits rather than dismissing summarily on procedural grounds, and the obligation to consider the specific facts of each assessment year rather than mechanically following precedents from earlier years. Final determinations on each issue resulted in remanding both appeals to the CIT(A) for fresh adjudication on merits after providing the assessee opportunity of hearing in accordance with principles of natural justice. Both appeals were partly allowed for statistical purposes, emphasizing procedural correctness and substantive examination over technical dismissals.
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