2025 (6) TMI 896 - AT - Income Tax

Addition u/s 68 - admission of additional evidences by CIT(A) while deleting addition - as argued reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence/documents not provided - AO observed creditworthiness identity and genuineness of the transaction not proved - HELD THAT - In the instant case has on its own sought to introduce additional evidence before the CIT(A). There is no direction of the CIT(A) to the assessee to produce any documents. In such a situation it was incumbent upon the CIT(A) to follow the diktats of sub-rule 3 of Rule 46A wherein the assessing officer was to be allowed a reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence/documents. CIT(A) also ignored the fact that even though the assessee was able to procure all documents of the subscriber companies yet the assessee company could not ensure their presence before the AO. CIT(A) had no word on the AO s findings that the subscribers company bank statements show circuitous transactions and seems to be that of entry providers. We therefore hold that the CIT(A) s action of deciding the issues without giving a reasonable opportunity to the AO following the procedure under sub-rule 3 of Rule 46A is not permissible in law more so when the CIT(A) himself had acknowledged the plea of the assessee that the AO began his enquiries at the fag end of the year and the assessee could not get sufficient time to address the issues raised by the AO. We therefore find it incumbent upon us to set aside the order of the CIT(A) and remit the matter to the file of the CIT(A) for fresh consideration. Appeal of the Revenue is partly allowed for statistical purposes.

Summary

The core legal questions considered by the Appellate Tribunal (AT) in this appeal pertain to the validity of additions made under section 68 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, on account of share capital and share premium received by the assessee company from various subscriber companies. Specifically, the issues are:

1. Whether the Assessing Officer (AO) was justified in making additions under section 68 by doubting the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of the share subscription transactions from the subscriber companies.

2. Whether the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] erred in deleting these additions without adequately considering the AO's findings regarding the subscribers being entry providers and circular transactions in their bank accounts.

3. Whether the CIT(A) was correct in admitting additional evidence/documents filed by the assessee before him without complying with the procedural safeguards mandated under Rule 46A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962, especially without calling for a report from the AO or providing the AO an opportunity to examine and rebut such evidence.

4. Whether the CIT(A) invoked his powers under section 250(4) of the Income-tax Act to suo-motu call for further inquiry or evidence, thereby exempting the admission of additional evidence from the rigors of Rule 46A.

5. Whether the Revenue's contention regarding escaped income for earlier assessment years could be entertained without invoking provisions under section 150 and section 148 of the Act.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis

Issue 1 & 2: Validity of Additions under Section 68 on Share Capital and Premium

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 68 of the Income-tax Act deals with unexplained cash credits. The AO is empowered to make additions if the identity, creditworthiness, or genuineness of the creditor or transaction is not satisfactorily established. The burden lies on the assessee to prove these elements. The AO's findings regarding circular transactions and the subscriber companies acting as entry providers are crucial factors in such assessments.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO found that the subscriber companies-SGS Udyog Pvt Ltd, Capital Electrotech Pvt Ltd, Key Components Pvt Ltd, and Murari Marketing Pvt Ltd-were merely entry providers, as evident from circular transactions in their bank accounts. The AO was not satisfied with the assessee's replies and thus made additions aggregating Rs. 11.75 crore under section 68.

The CIT(A), however, deleted these additions after considering additional evidence submitted by the assessee, including audited balance sheets, income tax returns, bank statements, share certificates, valuation reports, and assessment orders of the subscriber companies. The CIT(A) found that some subscriber companies were group companies and that funds invested were refunds from other parties, establishing creditworthiness and genuineness.

Key Evidence and Findings: The CIT(A) relied on documents such as audited financial statements and assessment orders of the subscriber companies, confirming their financial capability. The CIT(A) also noted that some share subscriptions were made in earlier years, which could not be added in the impugned year.

Application of Law to Facts: The CIT(A) applied the principle that if the assessee satisfactorily establishes the identity and creditworthiness of the subscriber and genuineness of the transaction, additions under section 68 cannot be sustained. The AO's reliance on circular transactions was countered by documentary evidence.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue argued that the CIT(A) ignored the AO's factual findings and admitted additional evidence without proper procedure. The assessee contended that the CIT(A) exercised his power under section 250(4) to call for evidence and thus was not bound by Rule 46A.

Conclusions: On merits, the CIT(A) found in favor of the assessee regarding the genuineness of the share subscription transactions. However, this finding was later set aside on procedural grounds related to evidence admission (discussed below).

Issue 3 & 4: Admission of Additional Evidence before CIT(A) and Compliance with Rule 46A

Legal Framework and Precedents: Rule 46A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962, governs the production of additional evidence before the Commissioner (Appeals). It restricts the appellant from producing evidence not presented before the AO unless certain conditions are met, such as refusal by AO to admit evidence, sufficient cause for non-production before AO, or lack of opportunity by AO to adduce evidence. Sub-rule (3) mandates that the AO must be given a reasonable opportunity to examine and rebut such evidence. Section 250(4) empowers the CIT(A) to make further inquiries or direct the AO to do so.

The Delhi High Court, in the cited precedent, emphasized that Rule 46A and section 250(4) serve different purposes. When the CIT(A) exercises suo-motu powers under section 250(4), Rule 46A procedural requirements do not apply. However, when the assessee introduces additional evidence on its own, Rule 46A must be strictly followed, including providing the AO a reasonable opportunity to respond.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that the CIT(A) issued notices under section 250 fixing hearing dates but did not explicitly invoke or exercise his powers under section 250(4) to call for additional evidence. The documents in question were filed by the assessee voluntarily in support of its grounds of appeal.

The Tribunal observed that the CIT(A) did not record any communication or direction compelling the assessee to produce these documents. The CIT(A) also did not provide the AO a reasonable opportunity to examine or rebut the additional evidence, as required under Rule 46A(3). The letters granting opportunity to the AO were dated before the documents were submitted by the assessee, thus negating the claim that the AO had a chance to respond.

Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal found no evidence of the CIT(A) invoking section 250(4) powers, nor was any such letter produced despite a reference to one dated 12.04.2020, which was inconsistent with the hearing notices dated 2021. The additional evidence was admitted without following Rule 46A's mandatory procedural safeguards.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal held that since the assessee introduced the additional evidence on its own, Rule 46A applied mandatorily. The CIT(A) was required to comply with the procedural requirements, including allowing the AO to examine and rebut the evidence, which was not done.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The assessee argued that the CIT(A) exercised suo-motu powers under section 250(4), exempting the process from Rule 46A. The Tribunal rejected this argument due to lack of any explicit invocation or record of such exercise. The Revenue's argument that Rule 46A was violated was accepted.

Conclusions: The Tribunal concluded that the CIT(A) erred in admitting additional evidence without following Rule 46A, rendering the deletion of additions under section 68 unsustainable on procedural grounds.

Issue 5: Consideration of Escaped Income for Earlier Assessment Years

Legal Framework: Sections 147, 148, and 150 of the Income-tax Act deal with assessment and reassessment of escaped income. The Revenue contended that additions relating to earlier years should have been assessed by issuing notices under these provisions.

Court's Reasoning and Findings: The Tribunal did not adjudicate this issue on merits as the matter was set aside on procedural grounds. The Revenue's contention was noted but not decided.

Significant Holdings

"When the CIT(A) invokes his coterminous power to make inquiry on his own, he has to explicitly direct the production of documents/evidence and the CIT(A) has to show/declare in the appeal order that such a communication/direction to that effect has been made to the assessee. The coterminous powers of the CIT(A) cannot be simply inferred."

"When fresh evidence/documents are filed before the CIT(A), without him calling for the documents, he has to follow Rule 46A of the Income Tax Rules 1962 and not render the Rule 46A otiose."

"It is incumbent upon the CIT(A) to comply with the requirements of sub-rule (3) of Rule 46A wherein the assessing officer was to be allowed a reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence/documents."

"The Tribunal appears to have not appreciated the distinction between the powers conferred by the CIT(A) under the statute while disposing of the assessee's appeal and the powers conferred upon him under Rule 46A. If the view of the Tribunal is accepted, it would make Rule 46A otiose and it would open up the possibility of the assessee's contending that any additional evidence sought to be introduced by them before the CIT(A) cannot be subjected to the conditions prescribed in Rule 46A because in any case the CIT(A) is vested with coterminous powers over the assessment orders or powers of independent enquiry under sub-section (4) of Section 250. That is a consequence which cannot at all be countenanced."

"The issue relating to the addition of Rs. 1,61,67,600/- made under Section 68 of the Act is restored to the CIT(A) who shall comply with the requirements of Rule 46A and take a fresh decision on the merits of the addition in accordance with law."

Final Determinations

The appeal filed by the Revenue was partly allowed on procedural grounds. The Tribunal set aside the CIT(A)'s order deleting the additions under section 68 due to non-compliance with Rule 46A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962. The matter was remitted to the CIT(A) for fresh adjudication after compliance with Rule 46A, including providing the AO a reasonable opportunity to examine and rebut the additional evidence introduced before the CIT(A). No decision was made on the substantive merits of the additions.