2025 (6) TMI 947 - AT - Income Tax

Additions u/s 69A and 69C r/w section 115BBE - HELD THAT -Cash flows recorded in the seized materials were comprehensively taxed in the case of Shri Prakash Sanghvi and the alleged additions made in the hands of the present assessees under sections 69A and 69C r.w.s. 115BBE of the Act were unwarranted. The orders passed by the learned CIT(A) deleting the additions are thus fully in consonance with the binding findings of the Co-ordinate Bench and call for no interference. AO shall not make any fresh additions in the hands of the assessees the AO s jurisdiction is strictly limited to verification and if the cash flow entries stand verified the CIT(A) s deletion of additions shall stand affirmed without any further action. The verification exercise shall be completed within a period of Two months from the receipt of this order.

Summary

Issues Presented and Considered

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in these consolidated appeals were:

• Whether the additions made by the Assessing Officer (AO) under sections 69A and 69C read with section 115BBE of the Income Tax Act, 1961, in the hands of the assessees, were justified based on entries in seized diaries and loose papers found during a search under section 132.
• Whether the cash receipts, payments, or investments recorded in the seized ledgers attributed to the assessees represented independent unexplained income or were merely applications of funds sourced from Shri Prakash Sanghvi's already assessed and taxed unaccounted income.
• Whether the principle of consistency should apply given that no such additions were made in the hands of the assessees for earlier assessment years despite similar facts and circumstances.
• Whether the impugned additions in the hands of the assessees amounted to impermissible double taxation of the same unaccounted income already assessed in the hands of Shri Prakash Sanghvi.
• The scope and extent of the AO's jurisdiction in verifying the entries in the seized ledgers and the correctness of the CIT(A)'s deletion of additions.

Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis

1. Legitimacy of Additions under Sections 69A, 69C read with 115BBE based on Seized Diaries

Legal Framework and Precedents: Sections 69A and 69C of the Income Tax Act deal with unexplained cash credits and unexplained expenditure, respectively, allowing the AO to make additions where the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the source of cash or expenditure. Section 115BBE prescribes a special tax rate on such unexplained income. The burden lies on the Revenue to establish that the cash receipts or expenditures are unexplained and attributable to the assessee.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that the seized diaries and loose papers primarily recorded cash payments made by Shri Prakash Sanghvi and not independent receipts or investments by the assessees. The entries reflected intra-family and intra-group cash flows emanating from Shri Prakash Sanghvi's unaccounted income, which had already been subjected to tax in his hands. The Tribunal emphasized that the AO's reliance on these entries to make additions against the assessees failed to consider the source of funds and the nature of transactions.

Key Evidence and Findings: The seized documents (Annexures A-1 to A-12) showed cash flows from Shri Prakash Sanghvi to the assessees. The assessees furnished negative peak analysis and reconciliations demonstrating no independent unexplained cash accumulation. Additionally, the Coordinate Bench had already determined unaccounted income aggregating to Rs. 189.84 crores assessable in Shri Prakash Sanghvi's hands from the same set of documents.

Application of Law to Facts: Since the cash flows were sourced from Shri Prakash Sanghvi's unaccounted income and taxed accordingly, the additions under sections 69A and 69C in the hands of the assessees lacked legal basis. The Tribunal held that taxing the same cash flow again in the hands of assessees would amount to double taxation, which is impermissible.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue contended that the additions were justified based on entries in the seized diaries. However, the Tribunal gave greater weight to the assessees' submissions, the prior assessment history, and the Coordinate Bench's findings in Shri Prakash Sanghvi's case, which conclusively established the source and prior taxation of the cash flows.

Conclusion: The additions under sections 69A and 69C read with 115BBE in the hands of the assessees were unwarranted and rightly deleted by the CIT(A).

2. Application of Principle of Consistency and Prior Assessment History

Legal Framework and Precedents: The principle of consistency mandates that similar facts and circumstances should be treated alike unless there is a material change in facts or law. This principle ensures fairness and predictability in tax assessments.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal observed that for assessment years 2012-13 to 2020-21, no additions had been made against the present assessees despite similar facts and seized documents being available. The CIT(A) applied the principle of consistency in deleting the additions for AY 2021-22. The Tribunal concurred with this approach, noting the absence of any new material or change in circumstances warranting a different treatment.

Key Evidence and Findings: The assessees presented evidence of prior assessments where no additions were made. The negative peak analysis further supported the absence of unexplained cash surplus in their hands across years.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal held that the Revenue's attempt to make additions in the current assessment year, contrary to prior consistent treatment, was unjustified.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue did not produce any material to demonstrate a change in facts or new evidence justifying additions. The Tribunal accordingly upheld the principle of consistency.

Conclusion: The principle of consistency favored the deletion of additions for the impugned assessment year.

3. Double Taxation and Attribution of Unaccounted Income

Legal Framework and Precedents: Double taxation of the same income in the hands of different taxpayers is generally impermissible under the Income Tax Act. The source and ownership of income must be clearly attributable to the taxpayer against whom additions are made.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal relied on the Coordinate Bench's detailed order in the case of Shri Prakash Sanghvi, which confirmed the entire unaccounted income reflected in the seized documents was rightly assessed in his hands. The cash flows recorded in the assessees' ledgers were applications of these funds rather than independent income. The Tribunal emphasized that additions in the hands of the assessees would amount to double taxation.

Key Evidence and Findings: The Coordinate Bench's comprehensive tabulation of unaccounted income across years, totaling Rs. 189.84 crores, was pivotal. The seized ledgers were found to reflect cash movements sourced from this income, not new receipts.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the principle that the same income cannot be taxed twice and held the additions in the assessees' hands to be impermissible.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue's reliance on ledger entries without establishing independent receipt or unexplained income was rejected.

Conclusion: The impugned additions constituted impermissible double taxation and were rightly deleted.

4. Scope of AO's Jurisdiction and Verification

Legal Framework and Precedents: The AO's jurisdiction in reassessment proceedings is to verify and assess unexplained income or expenditure based on material on record. However, once a coordinate bench or appellate authority has conclusively adjudicated on the source and nature of income, the AO's scope is limited to verification, not fresh additions without new evidence.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: While upholding the deletion of additions, the Tribunal directed a limited remand to the AO for verification to ensure that the entries in the seized ledgers pertain to cash flows already considered and assessed in Shri Prakash Sanghvi's case and that no unexplained surplus exists outside the taxed cash flow. The AO was explicitly prohibited from making any fresh additions.

Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal relied on the prior coordinate bench order and the assessees' submissions to circumscribe the AO's role to a verification exercise only.

Application of Law to Facts: This approach ensures procedural fairness and avoids any scope for arbitrary additions, while allowing the AO to confirm the correctness of the deletion.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue had argued for the validity of the additions; however, the Tribunal balanced this by allowing verification but not re-assessment.

Conclusion: The AO's jurisdiction is limited to verification of entries and confirmation of the deletion order; no fresh additions are permissible.

Significant Holdings

"The entirety of the unaccounted cash flows emanating from the seized diaries has already been duly taxed in Shri Prakash Sanghvi's hands. In light of this, the attempt to tax the same cash flow again in the hands of the present assessees would amount to double taxation, which is impermissible in law."

"The seized ledgers and documents relied upon by the Assessing Officer primarily recorded cash payments made by Shri Prakash M. Sanghvi and not receipts by the respective assessees. The source of such payments had already been examined, assessed, and taxed in the hands of Shri Prakash M. Sanghvi."

"The principle of consistency requires that similar facts and circumstances be treated alike; since no additions were made in earlier years on identical facts, the present additions are unsustainable."

"The Assessing Officer's jurisdiction is strictly limited to verification of entries recorded in the seized ledgers to confirm that they pertain to cash flows already assessed in Shri Prakash Sanghvi's case. No fresh additions shall be made in the hands of the assessees."

The Tribunal dismissed all appeals filed by the Revenue, subject to limited verification by the AO within two months, thereby affirming the deletion of additions under sections 69A, 69C read with 115BBE and section 56 in the respective cases of the assessees.