2025 (6) TMI 1745 - AT - Income Tax

CIT(Appeals) justification in dismissing the appeals filed by the assessee on account of non-prosecution and non-participation in the appellate proceedings - ex-parte order u/s. 153A r.w.s. 144 - HELD THAT - We are unable to persuade myself to concur with the manner in which the CIT(Appeals) had proceeded with and disposed off the appeal without adverting to the issue and the grounds based on which the impugned order was assailed before him. CIT(Appeals) ought to have called for the records and adjudicated upon the specific grounds of appeal based on which the impugned addition was assailed by the assessee before him. We are unable to persuade myself to accept the manner in which the appeal of the assessee has been disposed off by the CIT(Appeals). In my considered view once an appeal is preferred before the CIT(Appeals) it becomes obligatory on his part to dispose off the same on merit and it is not open for him to summarily dismiss the appeal on account of nonprosecution of the same by the assessee. In fact a perusal of Sec.251(1)(a) and (b) as well as the Explanation to Sec.251(2) of the Act reveals that the CIT(Appeals) remains under a statutory obligation to apply his mind to all the issues which arises from the impugned order before him. As per the mandate of law the CIT(Appeals) is not vested with any power to summarily dismiss the appeal for non-prosecution. The aforesaid view is fortified in the case of CIT Vs. Premkumar Arjundas Luthra (HUF) 2016 (5) TMI 290 - BOMBAY HIGH COURT Thus not being able to persuade myself to subscribe to the dismissal of the appeal by the CIT(Appeals) for non-prosecution therefore set-aside his order with a direction to dispose off the same on merits. CIT(Appeals) shall in the course of the de-novo appellate proceedings afford a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the assessee who shall remain at a liberty so substantiate his claim based on documentary evidence if any.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in the appeals arising from assessments under section 153A read with section 144 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for assessment years 2014-15, 2016-17, and 2017-18 to 2019-20, are as follows:

• Whether the addition of Rs. 10,08,500/- made by the Assessing Officer (AO) under section 68 of the Act on account of unexplained cash credits in the assessee's bank accounts was justified and sustainable.
• Whether the AO erred in making additions on the basis of cash deposits in the bank account without considering the possibility that such deposits could have been made out of past savings or legitimate sources.
• Whether the CIT(Appeals) was justified in dismissing the appeals filed by the assessee on account of non-prosecution and non-participation in the appellate proceedings, without adjudicating the substantive grounds raised by the assessee.
• Whether the delay in filing the appeals (of 9 days) should be condoned on grounds of the assessee's ill-health.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Legitimacy of Addition under Section 68 on Unexplained Cash Credits

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 68 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, empowers the AO to treat any sum found credited in the books of an assessee as income if the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the nature and source of such credit. The burden lies on the assessee to explain the source of such credits.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO observed that the assessee's proprietary concern, engaged in wholesale trading of metals, was involved in paper transactions and accommodation entries. The assessee admitted during search proceedings under section 132(4) that the business was operated on the advice of a third party, who also retained signed blank cheques of the assessee's bank accounts. The AO further noted that the third party admitted to providing accommodation entries through bogus purchase and sale bills to various entities.

The AO examined the bank statements and found substantial credit entries amounting to Rs. 7,17,74,135/- from the third party and others, which were immediately withdrawn or transferred to other entities. Additionally, cash deposits totaling Rs. 1,19,600/- were made without disclosed sources.

Despite repeated opportunities, the assessee failed to provide any explanation or documentary evidence regarding the source of these credits. On this basis, the AO held the unexplained credits of Rs. 10,08,500/- as income under section 68 and made the addition accordingly.

Key Evidence and Findings: The assessee's statement admitting involvement with a party that provided accommodation entries, the bank statements showing large unexplained credits and immediate withdrawals, and the failure to provide any explanation or evidence during assessment proceedings.

Application of Law to Facts: The AO's addition under section 68 was based on the assessee's failure to explain the cash credits, which were prima facie suspicious and linked to accommodation entries. The law mandates that unexplained credits are taxable as income, and the assessee's failure to rebut the presumption justified the addition.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The assessee argued that the cash deposits could have been made from past savings and that the AO's additions were arbitrary and mechanical. However, the AO and CIT(A) found no evidence to support this claim and noted the assessee's non-cooperation and failure to produce any evidence.

Conclusions: The addition under section 68 was upheld by the CIT(Appeals) and the AO on the basis of the assessee's failure to explain the source of cash credits and the incriminating evidence gathered during search and assessment proceedings.

Issue 2: Dismissal of Appeals by CIT(Appeals) for Non-Prosecution

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 251 of the Income-tax Act mandates that the CIT(Appeals) must dispose of appeals on merits after considering all issues arising from the impugned order. The CIT(A) does not have the power to summarily dismiss appeals for non-prosecution without adjudicating the substantive grounds. This principle is reinforced by judicial precedents, including the judgment of the Bombay High Court in CIT vs. Premkumar Arjundas Luthra (HUF), which clarified that dismissal for non-prosecution is impermissible and that the CIT(A) must apply his mind to the merits.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The CIT(Appeals) had dismissed the appeals on the ground that the assessee failed to file submissions or appear for hearings despite multiple notices. The CIT(A) held that the assessee was not interested in pursuing the appeals and relied on case law permitting dismissal for non-pursuance.

However, the Tribunal disagreed with this approach, holding that the CIT(A) was under a statutory obligation to dispose of the appeal on merits and could not summarily dismiss it for non-prosecution. The Tribunal emphasized that once an appeal is filed, the CIT(A) must consider the grounds raised and decide accordingly, giving the assessee an opportunity to present evidence and arguments.

Key Evidence and Findings: The record showed that the assessee was duly served notices for hearings on three occasions but did not participate. The CIT(A) dismissed the appeal ex-parte. The Tribunal noted the lack of participation but emphasized the statutory duty of the CIT(A) to adjudicate on merits.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal applied the statutory provisions and judicial precedents to conclude that the CIT(A)'s dismissal was not in accordance with law. The appeal was set aside and remanded for fresh adjudication on merits with a direction to afford the assessee a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue supported dismissal for non-prosecution, while the assessee cited ill-health and other reasons. The Tribunal condoned delay in filing appeals due to ill-health and emphasized the need for adjudication on merits rather than procedural dismissal.

Conclusions: The Tribunal held that dismissal of the appeal by the CIT(A) for non-prosecution was not justified. The matter was restored to the CIT(A) for fresh disposal on merits with due opportunity to the assessee.

Issue 3: Condonation of Delay in Filing Appeals

Relevant Legal Framework: The law permits condonation of delay in filing appeals if sufficient cause is shown. Ill-health is recognized as a valid ground for condonation.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee filed an application supported by medical certificates explaining the 9-day delay in filing appeals. The Revenue did not oppose the condonation.

Conclusions: The Tribunal condoned the delay in filing the appeals on grounds of ill-health of the assessee.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

The Tribunal made the following crucial legal determinations:

• On the CIT(A)'s power to dismiss appeals for non-prosecution: "The law does not empower the CIT(A) to dismiss the appeal for non-prosecution as is evident from the provisions of the Act." The Tribunal relied on the Bombay High Court's judgment which states: "Once an appeal is preferred before the CIT(A), it is not open to him to summarily dismiss the appeal on account of non-prosecution of the same by the assessee."
• On the CIT(A)'s statutory obligation: "The CIT(A) remains under a statutory obligation to apply his mind to all the issues which arise from the impugned order before him." The Tribunal emphasized that the CIT(A) must dispose of appeals on merits and cannot avoid adjudication by procedural dismissal.
• On the addition under section 68: The AO's addition was based on the assessee's failure to explain the cash credits, supported by the assessee's own admissions during search proceedings and the suspicious nature of transactions. The addition was upheld by the CIT(A) on these grounds, although the Tribunal did not adjudicate the merits due to remand.
• On condonation of delay: Delay of 9 days in filing appeals was condoned due to ill-health of the assessee, which was supported by medical evidence and unopposed by the Revenue.

Final Determinations: The Tribunal set aside the dismissal orders of the CIT(A) and remanded the appeals for fresh adjudication on merits with directions to afford the assessee a reasonable opportunity of being heard. The delay in filing appeals was condoned. The merits of the additions under section 68 were left open for fresh consideration by the CIT(A). The appeals were allowed for statistical purposes in terms of these directions.