2025 (7) TMI 760 - AT - Income Tax

Rejection of application filed u/s 12A(1)(ac)(vi-B) - mistake in wrong selection of section code - HELD THAT - CIT(E) had rightly rejected the application filed by the assessee Trust u/s 12A(1)(ac)(vi) of the Act as the conditions for such approval was not found satisfied. In fact the Ld. CIT(E) had made certain queries in the course of the proceeding before him which was responded by the assessee. However the fact that there was a mistake in the application of the assessee was not brought to the notice of CIT(E). Assessee has now submitted that there was a mistake in the application in quoting the section code under which the approval was sought. According to the assessee the section code Item (B) of sub-section (vi) of clause (ac) of subsection (1) of section 12A was wrongly quoted in the application in place of correct section code sub-section (iii) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A of the Act. A copy of order dated 23.09.2021 of the provisional registration allowed to the assessee has been brought on record. It is found there from that the assessee was allowed provisional registration under subsection (vi) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A for the AY 2022-23 to AY 2024-25. When the provisional registration was allowed under sub-section (vi) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A of the Act the assessee had rightly applied for regular registration under this provision only. The mistake on the part of the assessee if any had occurred in the application for provisional registration and not in the application for regular registration. The contention of the assessee is that there was a mistake in wrong selection of section code in the application. We don t find any such mistake in the regular registration application. Rather the mistake was made at the time of filing the application for provisional registration. The moot issue to be considered here is if the provisional registration was allowed under one sub-clause whether the assessee could have made application for final registration under different sub-clause - For this purpose we deem it proper to set aside the matter to the file of Ld. CIT(E) with a direction to first examine this issue and thereafter allow an opportunity to the assessee to rectify the application if permissible as per the provisions of law.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Appellate Tribunal were:

• Whether the rejection of the application filed under section 12A(1)(ac)(vi-B) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, on the ground of non-maintainability due to alleged delay or incorrect filing, was justified.
• Whether the assessee's selection of an incorrect section code in the Form 10AB application-specifically, item (B) of sub-clause (vi) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A instead of sub-clause (iii) of the same clause-constituted a fatal error warranting rejection.
• Whether the assessee's lack of professional guidance and inadvertent error in filing the application could be grounds for allowing rectification or reconsideration.
• Whether the provisional registration granted under one sub-clause of section 12A(1)(ac) precluded the assessee from applying for final registration under a different sub-clause.
• The procedural fairness in terms of providing the assessee an opportunity to rectify or reapply under the correct provisions.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Legitimacy of rejection of application under section 12A(1)(ac)(vi-B) on procedural grounds

The legal framework governing registration of trusts under section 12A(1)(ac) requires timely and correctly filed applications in prescribed formats such as Form 10AB. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption) had rejected the application on the ground that it was not maintainable due to non-compliance with the prescribed procedural requirements.

The Tribunal noted that the CIT(E) had made certain queries during the proceedings, which the assessee responded to, but the issue of an incorrect section code was not brought to the CIT(E)'s attention at that stage. The Tribunal emphasized that the rejection was based on the conditions for approval not being satisfied, rather than solely on procedural delay.

Applying the law to facts, the Tribunal found that the rejection was not solely due to procedural delay or late filing but more fundamentally because the conditions for approval under the cited section were not met. The Tribunal thus upheld the CIT(E)'s finding that the application was not maintainable as filed.

Issue 2: Incorrect section code selection in Form 10AB application

The assessee admitted that an incorrect section code was selected in the application-item (B) of sub-clause (vi) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A was chosen instead of sub-clause (iii) of the same clause. The assessee attributed this to lack of professional guidance and operating from a remote location, leading to inadvertent error.

The Tribunal examined the provisional registration order dated 23.09.2021, which showed the provisional registration was granted under sub-clause (vi) of clause (ac) of sub-section (1) of section 12A for AY 2022-23 to AY 2024-25. This indicated that the provisional registration and the regular registration application were consistent in terms of the section code referenced.

Therefore, the Tribunal concluded that the mistake, if any, had occurred at the time of provisional registration application rather than the final registration application. The Tribunal found no error in the regular registration application itself.

In applying the law, the Tribunal highlighted that the correctness of the section code is material to eligibility for registration and that the provisional registration code governs the subsequent final registration application.

Issue 3: Whether provisional registration under one sub-clause precludes final registration under another

The Tribunal identified this as the "moot issue" requiring examination. The legal question was whether an assessee provisionally registered under one sub-clause of section 12A(1)(ac) could apply for final registration under a different sub-clause.

The Tribunal did not provide a definitive ruling on this point but deemed it appropriate to remit the matter to the CIT(E) for fresh examination of this issue. The CIT(E) was directed to consider if the law permits such a change and, if so, to allow the assessee an opportunity to rectify the application accordingly.

This approach reflects the principle of procedural fairness and the need to interpret the registration provisions in a manner consistent with the assessee's rights and statutory requirements.

Issue 4: Procedural fairness and opportunity to rectify application

The assessee sought an opportunity to rectify the application, citing inadvertent error and lack of professional assistance. The Tribunal accepted that these factors could justify allowing the assessee to correct the application.

The Tribunal directed that the assessee be given a proper opportunity of being heard and to rectify or reapply under the correct provisions if so desired. This direction aligns with principles of natural justice and equitable treatment of taxpayers.

Treatment of competing arguments

The Revenue argued that the CIT(E) had rightly rejected the application as filed. The Tribunal, however, found merit in the assessee's contention regarding the possibility of error and the need for reconsideration. The Tribunal balanced the Revenue's interest in procedural compliance with the assessee's right to rectify genuine mistakes.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

The Tribunal held that:

"The Ld. CIT(E) had rightly rejected the application filed by the assessee Trust u/s 12A(1)(ac)(vi) of the Act, as the conditions for such approval was not found satisfied... The mistake on the part of the assessee, if any, had occurred in the application for provisional registration and not in the application for regular registration."

Further, the Tribunal established the procedural principle that:

"The moot issue to be considered here is, if the provisional registration was allowed under one sub-clause, whether the assessee could have made application for final registration under different sub-clause... The assessee may also be allowed a proper opportunity of being heard in the matter."

The Tribunal's final determination was to set aside the matter to the CIT(E) for fresh adjudication on the key issue of eligibility under the correct sub-clause, and to allow the assessee to rectify or reapply, thereby allowing the appeal for statistical purposes.