2025 (7) TMI 885 - AT - Income Tax

Addition for unexplained cash deposits and credit entries in the bank account of the assessee - HELD THAT - Department had acknowledged the agriculture income derived by the assessee/his family and allowed credit for same in respect of cash deposits in the bank account of the assessee. In the current year as well the cash deposits in the bank account of the assessee has been partly explained as deposit of agriculture income of the family. Considering the fact that the Department had accepted agriculture income of Rs. 10 lakh in the A.Y.2011-12 it will be reasonable to consider the agricultural income of the assessee/his family in the current year at Rs. 11 lakhs. Therefore the cash deposit of Rs. 11, 00, 000/- in the bank account of the assessee is treated as explained on account of agriculture income of the assess/his family. Accordingly the addition as confirmed by the ld. CIT(A) is reduced by Rs. 11, 00, 000/- and the balance addition of Rs. 13, 43, 889/- or account of unexplained cash deposit in the bank account of the assessee is upheld. Addition of credit entries in the bank account - Assessee has contested addition to the extent of Rs. 20, 00, 000/- only which represented loan received from Shri Piyushbhai Narsinhbhai Rathore - HELD THAT - The present status of the loan as to whether it was still outstanding or was repaid was also not explained. The assessee has also failed to bring on record any evidence to establish that the loan of Rs. 20 lakh was disclosed in the books of accounts / balance sheet of Shri Piyushbhai Narsinhbhai Rathore. CIT(A) had rightly held that the identity genuineness and creditworthiness of the loan transaction was not established. We don t find any reason to interfere with the findings of the ld. CIT(A) on this issue. Since the creditworthiness genuineness of the loan transaction was not established the decision of the ld. CIT(A) in treating the credit entry in the bank account of the assessee as unexplained is upheld and the ground taken by the assessee in this regard is dismissed. Appeal of the assessee is partly allowed.

Summary

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in this appeal include:

• Whether the initiation of reassessment proceedings under section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 was justified and valid.
• Whether the additions made by the Assessing Officer (AO) and confirmed by the CIT(A) on account of unexplained cash deposits and credit entries in the assessee's bank account were justified.
• Whether the cash deposits in the bank account could be legitimately explained as agricultural income of the assessee and his family, thereby warranting exclusion from taxable income.
• Whether the credit entry of Rs. 20,00,000/- in the bank account represented a genuine unsecured loan, and if so, whether it should be excluded from income as unexplained credits.
• Whether the return filed under section 148 of the Act was rightly not accepted by the AO.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Validity of Reassessment Proceedings under Section 147

This ground was not pressed by the assessee's authorized representative during the hearing and was accordingly dismissed. The Tribunal did not engage in detailed analysis on this point.

Issue 2 & 3: Additions on Account of Cash Deposits in Bank Account and Explanation as Agricultural Income

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 147 of the Income Tax Act allows reopening of assessment if the AO has reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. Additions on unexplained cash deposits are common, but agricultural income is exempt under section 10(1) of the Act, provided it is genuine and supported by evidence such as land ownership and sale bills.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO reopened the case after receiving information about cash deposits totaling Rs. 31,50,000/- in the assessee's bank account during the financial year 2011-12. The assessee failed to satisfactorily explain the source of these deposits initially. The AO treated the entire amount as unexplained income. On appeal, the CIT(A) partly allowed relief by excluding Rs. 7,06,111/- representing cash withdrawals subsequently redeposited but confirmed the balance addition of Rs. 24,43,889/- as unexplained cash deposits.

The assessee contended that these cash deposits were derived from agricultural income of the family and filed an affidavit from the mother along with evidence of land ownership. The AO and CIT(A) rejected this explanation due to lack of corroborative evidence such as sale bills or proof of agricultural income for the relevant year.

Key Evidence and Findings: The assessee produced an affidavit and evidence of land holdings. Importantly, the assessment order for AY 2011-12 was brought on record, showing that the AO had accepted agricultural income of Rs. 10,00,000/- for that year, acknowledging the family's agricultural income and past savings. This prior acceptance was a significant factor.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal recognized that the issue of agricultural income was not res integra and had been examined in the previous year's assessment. Given the prior acceptance of Rs. 10 lakh as agricultural income in AY 2011-12, the Tribunal found it reasonable to accept a similar amount of Rs. 11,00,000/- as agricultural income for the current year. Accordingly, the Tribunal reduced the addition by Rs. 11,00,000/- and upheld the balance addition of Rs. 13,43,889/- as unexplained cash deposits.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue emphasized the absence of contemporaneous evidence such as sale bills and the assessee's admission before the CIT(A) that only two-thirds of the cash deposits represented agricultural income. The assessee relied on prior acceptance of agricultural income and affidavits. The Tribunal balanced these arguments by giving weight to prior acceptance and reasonable estimation while requiring evidence for the balance amount.

Conclusion: The Tribunal partially allowed the appeal on this issue, treating Rs. 11,00,000/- as explained agricultural income and confirming the rest as unexplained.

Issue 4: Addition on Account of Credit Entry of Rs. 20,00,000/- Claimed as Loan

Legal Framework and Precedents: Credits in bank accounts claimed as loans must be supported by credible evidence such as loan agreements, bank statements, interest payments, TDS deductions, or disclosure in the lender's books. Self-serving affidavits alone are insufficient to establish genuineness and creditworthiness.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee claimed that Rs. 20,00,000/- credited in the bank account was an unsecured loan from an individual named Shri Piyushbhai Narsinhbhai Rathore. An affidavit from the lender was filed. However, the assessee failed to produce bank statements, loan agreements, evidence of loan purpose, interest payments, TDS deductions, or repayment status. The CIT(A) rejected the claim due to lack of corroborative evidence.

Key Evidence and Findings: The affidavit was a self-serving document and was not backed by independent evidence. The bank was unable to provide statements due to the age of the transactions. No documentary evidence was produced to establish the genuineness of the loan or its disclosure in the lender's accounts.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal agreed with the CIT(A) that the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the loan transaction were not established. Without credible evidence, the credit entry could not be excluded from income.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The assessee relied on the affidavit and the bank's inability to provide statements. The Revenue emphasized the absence of independent corroboration. The Tribunal gave precedence to the requirement of independent evidence for loan genuineness.

Conclusion: The Tribunal upheld the addition of Rs. 20,00,000/- as unexplained credit and dismissed the assessee's ground on this issue.

Issue 5: Non-Acceptance of Return Filed under Section 148

This ground was not pressed by the assessee's representative and was dismissed without detailed discussion.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

The Tribunal established the following core principles and made key determinations:

• Reassessment Proceedings: The initiation of reassessment under section 147 was not challenged and hence upheld.
• On Agricultural Income: Prior acceptance of agricultural income by the Department in the immediately preceding assessment year can be a relevant factor in explaining cash deposits in subsequent years. The Tribunal stated: "Considering the fact that the Department had accepted agriculture income of Rs. 10 lakh in the A.Y.2011-12, it will be reasonable to consider the agricultural income of the assessee/his family in the current year at Rs. 11 lakhs." This principle allowed partial relief to the assessee.
• On Burden of Proof for Loans: The Tribunal reaffirmed that self-serving affidavits without independent corroborative evidence are insufficient to establish genuineness and creditworthiness of loans credited in bank accounts. It held: "The identity, genuineness and creditworthiness of the loan transaction was not established." Consequently, such credits are liable to be treated as unexplained income.
• On Evidence Requirements: The Tribunal emphasized the necessity of contemporaneous documentary evidence such as land ownership proofs, sale bills, bank statements, loan agreements, and disclosure in books of accounts to substantiate claims made in tax proceedings.
• Final Determinations: The appeal was partly allowed by reducing the addition on account of unexplained cash deposits by Rs. 11,00,000/- to account for agricultural income, while upholding the balance additions including the entire credit entry of Rs. 20,00,000/- claimed as loan.