2025 (5) TMI 172 - AT - Customs

Classification of imported goods - Nutracor 88( Calcium Salts made from Palm Oil Fatty Acids) Animal Feed Supplement Not For Medical/Human Use - to be classified under the tariff item 23091000 or under the CTH 23099090? - concessional rate of duty vide N/N. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011 - mis-declaration of the goods - Extended period of limitation - Imposition of redemption fine in lieu of confiscation - Penalty u/s 114A of the Customs Act - HELD THAT - Customs Revenue Audit conducted scrutiny of the records of the appellant and observed that the goods imported by the appellant are rightly classifiable under the CTH 23099090 and the appellant are not eligible for the exemption as provided under the Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011. When Audit observed that the goods imported by them are rightly classifiable under the CTH 23099090 and they are not eligible for the exemption as provided under the Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011 the appellant has accepted the revised classification and paid the differential duty demanded for the normal period of limitation. The issue involved is a classification dispute of the goods imported by the appellant. It is a settled law that claim of wrong classification does not amount to misdeclaration as there is always scope for the assessing officers to rectify it based on the facts brought on record. It has been categorically held in a catena of judgments that wrong claim of classification or inapplicable claim of exemption Notification cannot be equated with mis-declaration to give rights to the revenue to invoke extended period of limitation for raising duty demand - When the importer filed the classification under a particular Customs Tariff Heading with correct description of the goods the revenue was within its power and jurisdiction to change the said classification or to raise an objection if they felt that the classification was incorrect. Hence we hold that extended period of limitation is not invokable in this case. In the present case it is found that there is absolutely no suppression of facts on the part of the Appellant so far as the impugned consignments are concerned and hence the invocation of the extended period of limitation under Section 28(4) of the Customs Act 1964 is legally not sustainable and accordingly those demands confirmed by invoking extended period of limitation in the impugned order set aside. Imposition of redemption fine in lieu of confiscation - HELD THAT - There is no proposal in the Notice to confiscate the goods. Further we observe that the goods involved in respect of all the 19 Bills of Entry have already been cleared and they are not physically available for confiscation. Thus it is found that the imposition of redemption fine without even having the proposal for confiscation in the notice is not sustainable. Accordingly no redemption fine imposable in this case and hence the redemption fine imposed in the impugned order set aside. Penalty u/s 114A of the Customs Act - HELD THAT - The basic requirement of law for invocation of Section 114A of the Customs Act 1962 is that the short levy or non levy of duty should have happened on account of fraud collusion suppression of fact or wilful mis-statement on the part of the appellant. As discussed there is no suppression of facts with intention to evade the duty established in this case. This being a case of erroneous claim of wrong classification and benefit of exemption notification which continued to be accepted by the Departmental officers over such a long period of time spanning more than three and a half years in the absence of any mis-statement or suppression of facts the provisions of neither Section 28(4) nor Section 114A of the Act could be invoked against the Appellant herein. Thus the penalty imposed on the appellant under section 114A of the Customs Act 1962 is not sustainable and hence the same is set aside. Conclusion - i) The goods imported by the appellant are rightly classifiable under the CTH 23099090 and the appellant are not eligible for the exemption as provided under the Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011. ii) The demands confirmed by invoking extended period of limitation in the impugned order set aside. iii) No redemption fine imposable and is set aside. iv) The penalty imposed on the appellant under section 114A of the Customs Act 1962 is not sustainable. Appeal disposed off.

Summary

Issues presented and considered:

1. Whether the goods imported by the appellant were correctly classified under Customs Tariff Heading (CTH) 23091000 or should be reclassified under CTH 23099090, thereby affecting eligibility for concessional duty under Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011.

2. Whether the invocation of the extended period of limitation under Section 28(4) of the Customs Act, 1962, for demand of differential customs duty is legally sustainable in the absence of fraud, collusion, wilful misstatement, or suppression of facts.

3. Whether the imposition of penalty under Section 114A of the Customs Act, 1962 is justified in the facts of the case.

4. Whether the imposition of redemption fine under Section 111(q) of the Customs Act, 1962 in lieu of confiscation of goods is sustainable when there was no proposal for confiscation and the goods were not physically available.

Issue-wise detailed analysis:

Issue 1: Correct classification of goods and eligibility for concessional duty

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Classification of goods under the Customs Tariff is governed by the Customs Tariff Act and related notifications. The proper classification determines the applicable rate of duty and eligibility for exemptions or concessions. The appellant had classified the goods as 'Nutracor 88 (Calcium Salts made from Palm Oil Fatty Acids), Animal Feed Supplement Not For Medical/Human Use' under CTH 23091000 and claimed concessional duty under Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Customs Revenue Audit scrutinized the appellant's records and concluded that the goods were correctly classifiable under CTH 23099090, not 23091000, and thus the appellant was not eligible for the concessional exemption. The appellant accepted the revised classification and paid differential duty for the normal limitation period. The Tribunal upheld this reclassification and held that the appellant was not entitled to the exemption under the said notification.

Application of law to facts: The Tribunal confirmed that the goods fall under CTH 23099090 and the exemption under Notification No. 46/2011 does not apply. This conclusion was based on the audit findings and the appellant's acceptance of the revised classification.

Conclusions: The appellant's classification under CTH 23091000 was incorrect. The goods are rightly classifiable under CTH 23099090, and the appellant is not eligible for the concessional duty notification.

Issue 2: Invoking extended period of limitation under Section 28(4) of the Customs Act, 1962

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Section 28(4) allows the Customs Department to demand duty beyond the normal limitation period if there is evidence of fraud, collusion, wilful misstatement, or suppression of facts. The extended period cannot be invoked merely on account of wrong classification or erroneous claim of exemption. Precedents including decisions affirmed by the Supreme Court have held that wrong classification or erroneous exemption claims do not amount to misdeclaration or suppression warranting extended limitation.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the appellant had declared the goods with correct descriptions and the department had cleared the goods without objection for over three and a half years. The appellant was notified through consultative letters about the incorrect classification and ceased the concessional claim upon audit's observation, paying differential duty within the normal limitation period. There was no evidence of suppression, fraud, or wilful misstatement. The Tribunal relied on authoritative precedents including the Dabur India Ltd. case and others, which held that classification disputes do not amount to suppression or misdeclaration.

Key evidence and findings: The appellant's cooperation, acceptance of revised classification, payment of differential duty within the normal period, and absence of any concealment or fraudulent intent were critical. The department's prior acceptance of classification and absence of objections during clearance were also significant.

Application of law to facts: The Tribunal applied settled legal principles to hold that extended limitation could not be invoked in this case. Only demands relating to three Bills of Entry within the normal limitation period were sustainable; demands for other consignments were time-barred.

Treatment of competing arguments: The department argued that misdeclaration was established and extended limitation was rightly invoked. The Tribunal rejected this, emphasizing absence of suppression or fraud and reliance on settled jurisprudence.

Conclusions: The extended period of limitation under Section 28(4) is not invokable as there was no suppression or wilful misstatement. Demands beyond the normal limitation period are set aside except for three Bills of Entry.

Issue 3: Imposition of penalty under Section 114A of the Customs Act, 1962

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Section 114A penalizes short levy or non-levy of duty caused by fraud, collusion, suppression of facts, or wilful misstatement. Mere erroneous classification or incorrect claim of exemption without fraudulent intent does not attract penalty under this provision.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal found no evidence of suppression or intent to evade duty. The appellant had declared goods with correct description and had been allowed clearance by the department. The erroneous classification was accepted and corrected once pointed out. The Tribunal held that penalty under Section 114A was not sustainable.

Application of law to facts: Since no fraud or suppression was established, the penalty imposed was set aside.

Conclusions: Penalty under Section 114A is not sustainable in the absence of fraud or suppression and is accordingly quashed.

Issue 4: Imposition of redemption fine under Section 111(q) of the Customs Act, 1962

Relevant legal framework and precedents: Redemption fine under Section 111(q) is imposed in lieu of confiscation of goods. However, a proposal for confiscation must be made in the show cause notice, and the goods must be available for confiscation.

Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal noted that no proposal for confiscation was made in the show cause notice. Further, the goods in question had already been cleared and were not physically available for confiscation. Therefore, imposition of redemption fine was not legally sustainable.

Application of law to facts: Since the procedural requirement of proposing confiscation was not fulfilled and goods were not available, redemption fine was set aside.

Conclusions: Redemption fine imposed without proposal for confiscation and when goods are not available is not sustainable and is quashed.

Significant holdings:

"It is a settled law that claim of wrong classification does not amount to misdeclaration, as there is always scope for the assessing officers to rectify it based on the facts brought on record."

"Wrong claim of classification or inapplicable claim of exemption Notification cannot be equated with mis-declaration to give rights to the revenue to invoke extended period of limitation for raising duty demand."

"When the importer filed the classification under a particular Customs Tariff Heading with correct description of the goods, the revenue was within its power and jurisdiction to change the said classification or to raise an objection if they felt that the classification was incorrect."

"Extended period of limitation under Section 28(4) of the Customs Act, 1962 is not invokable in the absence of fraud, collusion, suppression of facts or wilful misstatement."

"The penalty under Section 114A of the Customs Act, 1962 cannot be imposed without establishing fraud, collusion, suppression or wilful misstatement."

"Redemption fine under Section 111(q) cannot be imposed without a proposal for confiscation and when goods are not physically available."

Final determinations:

(i) The goods are correctly classifiable under CTH 23099090 and not eligible for concessional duty under Notification No. 46/2011 dated 01.06.2011.

(ii) Demands confirmed invoking extended period of limitation are set aside except for three Bills of Entry within the normal limitation period.

(iii) Redemption fine imposed in lieu of confiscation is set aside for lack of proposal and physical availability of goods.

(iv) Penalty imposed under Section 114A is set aside due to absence of fraud or suppression.