2025 (6) TMI 479 - AT - Income Tax

Validity of assessment u/s 153A for want of valid approval u/s.153D - HELD THAT - Granting approval in the absence of due application of independent mind to the material on record for each assessment year in respect of the assessee s case separately vitiates the entire proceedings; the same is found to be arbitrary and erroneous and therefore liable to be quashed. We quash the entire proceedings initiated u/s 153C r.w.s. 143(3) of the Act in the absence of a valid approval granted by the Ld. JCIT Central Range Meerut.

Summary

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in these appeals pertain primarily to the validity and procedural propriety of assessment orders passed under the Income Tax Act, specifically focusing on the following issues:

1. Whether the assessment orders passed by the Assessing Officer (AO) and confirmed by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)] are invalid for lack of application of mind and being arbitrary and mechanical in nature.

2. Whether the assessment orders were passed without issuance of valid notice under section 143(2) of the Act, rendering them illegal.

3. Whether the assessment orders were invalid for non-mention of the Document Identification Number (DIN).

4. Whether the approval required under section 153D of the Act was properly obtained for each assessment year before passing the assessment or reassessment orders, and if not, whether this vitiates the entire proceedings.

5. Whether the assessment orders were passed without allowing cross-examination, violating principles of natural justice.

6. Whether the proceedings initiated under section 153C were time-barred and hence invalid.

7. Whether the proceedings under section 153C were initiated without recording a separate satisfaction note, as mandated by law.

8. Whether there was a valid jurisdictional satisfaction regarding incriminating material to invoke extended period under sections 153A and 153C.

9. Whether the addition of Rs. 55,00,000/- sustained by CIT(A) was untenable on the ground that the amount had already been returned prior to initiation of proceedings.

10. Whether the impugned additions were based on material lacking evidentiary value.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Validity of Assessment Orders and Application of Mind

The Tribunal examined whether the orders passed by the AO and confirmed by CIT(A) were arbitrary and lacked application of mind. The assessee contended that the orders were mechanical and did not discuss or distinguish binding decisions of the jurisdictional High Court and Supreme Court. The Tribunal noted the grounds raised but did not delve into this issue in detail since the principal legal objection regarding approval under section 153D was dispositive.

2. Issuance of Notice under Section 143(2)

The assessee argued that no valid notice under section 143(2) was issued before passing the assessment orders, rendering the assessments illegal. The Tribunal acknowledged this contention but refrained from adjudicating on this ground as the primary issue of invalid approval under section 153D was decisive.

3. Non-mention of DIN in Assessment Orders

The assessee raised the issue that the assessment orders did not mention the DIN, which is mandatory for validity. The Tribunal did not specifically address this point, considering it subsumed within other procedural irregularities.

4. Validity of Approval under Section 153D of the Income Tax Act

This was the pivotal issue in the appeals. Section 153D mandates that before passing assessment or reassessment orders under sections 153A or 153C, the AO must obtain prior approval from the Joint Commissioner of Income Tax (JCIT) for each assessment year. The Tribunal carefully examined the approval letters produced, which were composite approvals covering multiple assessment years and, in some cases, numerous cases simultaneously.

The Tribunal relied heavily on binding precedents, including:

• The Allahabad High Court decision in PCIT Central vs. Siddharth Gupta, upheld by the Supreme Court, which held that approval under section 153D is not a mere formality or mechanical exercise but requires an independent application of mind by the approving authority on the material before it.
• The Delhi High Court decision in PCIT vs. Shiv Kumar Nayyar, which emphasized that approval under section 153D cannot be a ritualistic rubber stamp and must be granted after perusal and application of mind to each draft assessment order for each assessment year.
• The ITAT Delhi Bench decision in M/s MilleniumVinimay (P) Ltd. vs. ACIT, which held that mechanical approvals without application of mind are invalid and vitiate the assessment proceedings.
• The Supreme Court's dismissal of the Revenue's appeal in ACIT, Circle-1 (2) vs. Serajuddin and Co., affirming the principle that mechanical or perfunctory approval under section 153D is invalid.

The Tribunal found that in the present case, the approval was granted in a composite manner for multiple assessment years and multiple cases on the same day, without separate consideration or application of mind for each assessment year. The approving authority had not assigned cogent reasons or demonstrated that the draft assessment orders were perused. This amounted to a mechanical and routine approval, contrary to the statutory mandate.

The Tribunal held that such approval is a jurisdictional prerequisite, and absence of valid approval renders the assessment orders null and void. The Tribunal quoted the Allahabad High Court's observation:

"The approval of draft assessment order being an in-built protection against any arbitrary or unjust exercise of power by the Assessing Officer, cannot be said to be a mechanical exercise, without application of independent mind by the Approving Authority on the material placed before it and the reasoning given in the assessment order."

Accordingly, the Tribunal quashed the entire proceedings initiated under sections 153C read with 153A for lack of valid approval under section 153D.

5. Allowance of Cross-Examination

The assessee contended that the assessment orders were passed without allowing cross-examination, violating principles of natural justice. The Tribunal did not adjudicate this ground separately, as the primary legal objection on approval under section 153D was dispositive.

6. Time-Barred Proceedings under Section 153C

The assessee argued that proceedings under section 153C were initiated beyond the prescribed time limit under the first proviso to section 153C, citing the Supreme Court judgment in CIT vs. Jasjit Singh. The Tribunal did not examine this issue in detail, given its finding on the invalidity of approval under section 153D.

7. Absence of Separate Satisfaction Note

The assessee raised that no separate satisfaction note was recorded before initiating proceedings under section 153C, as required by law. The Tribunal did not address this ground independently due to the overriding issue of invalid approval.

8. Jurisdictional Satisfaction Regarding Incriminating Material

The assessee contended that the AO did not have jurisdictional satisfaction of the existence of incriminating material, which is a condition precedent for invoking extended period under sections 153A and 153C. The Tribunal did not examine this issue in detail, as the invalidity of approval under section 153D was dispositive.

9. Validity of Addition of Rs. 55,00,000/-

The assessee argued that the addition sustained by CIT(A) was untenable since the amount was already returned before initiation of proceedings. The Tribunal refrained from adjudicating this ground, considering the legal objections on approval under section 153D were sufficient to quash the assessment.

10. Evidentiary Value of Material for Additions

The assessee claimed that the additions were based on material without evidentiary value. The Tribunal did not consider this ground, given the quashing of assessments on legal grounds.

Treatment of Competing Arguments

The Revenue contended that the approval under section 153D is an administrative approval and its procedural aspects have no bearing on the validity of the assessment proceedings against the assessee. The Tribunal rejected this argument, relying on authoritative judicial pronouncements that insist on independent application of mind by the approving authority and that such approval is a jurisdictional condition precedent.

Conclusions

The Tribunal concluded that the approval granted under section 153D was mechanical, composite, and without application of mind, failing the statutory requirement. Consequently, the assessment orders passed without valid approval were nullities. The Tribunal quashed the entire proceedings initiated under sections 153C read with 153A for the assessment years 2015-16 and 2016-17. Due to the prima facie merit in the legal objections regarding approval, the Tribunal did not adjudicate the other grounds of appeal.

Significant Holdings:

"The approval of draft assessment order being an in-built protection against any arbitrary or unjust exercise of power by the Assessing Officer, cannot be said to be a mechanical exercise, without application of independent mind by the Approving Authority on the material placed before it and the reasoning given in the assessment order."

"The requirement of approval under Section 153D is pre-requisite to pass an order of assessment or re-assessment."

"Granting approval for all the common years instead of approval under Section 153D for each assessment year separately de hors the rules. The said approval is found to have been given in a mechanical and routine manner. We find that the order issuing authority has not discharged its statutory duties cast upon him even by assigning cogent reasons in respect of the issues involved in the matter. Thus granting approval in the absence of due application of independent mind to the material on record for each assessment year in respect of the assessee's case separately vitiates the entire proceedings; the same is found to be arbitrary and erroneous and therefore, liable to be quashed."

"Such perfunctory approval has no legal sanctity in the eyes of the law."

Final determination: The appeals for assessment years 2015-16 and 2016-17 are partly allowed by quashing the assessment proceedings initiated under sections 153C read with 153A on the ground of invalid approval under section 153D. Other grounds of appeal remain open and unadjudicated due to the dispositive nature of this issue.