2025 (6) TMI 1542 - AT - Income Tax

Unexplained cash deposits u/s 69A - Assessee was minor - misuse of PAN - financial capacity to make such deposits - assessee submitted that the assessee was of a very immature age at the time of alleged deposits in the bank account with M/s. Renuka Mata Bank and the assessee also did not have any other bank account and also did not have the financial capacity to deposit such a huge amount in his bank account - HELD THAT - There was an evident lack of enquiry made by the Tax Authorities while concluding the assessment. When the notice of hearing was issued by the AO the assessee had promptly submitted that he was a minor (though during the course of hearing before us assessee submitted that the assessee had completed 18 years of age) and that the assessee did not have any means whatsoever to deposit such a huge amount of money in M/s. Renuka Mata Multi State Urban Cooperative Credit Society Ltd. The assessee had specifically submitted that the aforesaid bank account had not been the opened by the assessee and had also furnished a copy of the police complaint to support his argument that this account had been opened by misusing his PAN details etc. However despite these specific averment by the assessee the Department did not call for the necessary documents from the concerned bank branch like the account opening form bank statement for this account and necessary documents to as to ascertain that the said bank account was in fact opened and operated by the assessee himself. From a reading of the contents of the order passed by Ld. CIT(A) the only reason why this amount was confirmed in the hands of the assessee was that there is nothing on record to establish that any inquiry was conducted by the Police Department . We are of the considered view that lack of inquiry by the Police Department cannot be the basis for confirming such a huge amount in the hands of the assessee especially keeping into light the fact that no further information / details were called from the concerned bank like account opening form no inquiry being made as to who had opened the bank account and who was effectively operating such bank account / making deposits in such bank account by calling for information from the concerned Bank Manager the AO did not call for the necessary bank statement to ascertain the nature of deposits / frequencies etc. and thereafter confronting the same to the assessee and further the AO also did not take into cognizance the fact that the assessee had specifically lodged a police complaint stating that the assessee had not opened the aforesaid bank account complaint. Assessee had also specifically submitted that he was not in a financial position to deposit such huge amount in the bank account considering his age and lack of income earning capacity. In our considered view there was an evident lack of inquiry while framing the assessment and also while confirming such a substantial amount in the hands of the assessee when the assessee had clearly submitted at all stages of proceedings that he had neither opened the bank account nor had deposited such a huge amount in the aforesaid bank account and further also did not have the financial capacity to make the aforesaid deposits in the bank account. Accordingly in the interest of justice and given the evident lack of inquiry in the matter at all stages of proceedings by the concerned Tax Authorities the matter is hereby restored to the file of Assessing Officer for de-novo consideration.

Summary

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in these appeals are:

1. Whether the reopening of assessment under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act was valid and justified.

2. Whether the addition of Rs. 8,55,18,650/- as unexplained cash deposits under Section 69A of the Act was legally sustainable.

3. Whether penalty under Section 271(1)(c) of the Act for concealment of income was rightly levied.

4. Whether penalty under Section 271F of the Act for non-filing of return of income was correctly imposed.

Issue 1: Validity of Reopening under Section 147

The reopening was based on information received during search and seizure operations under Section 132, revealing large cash deposits in the assessee's name with M/s. Shri Renuka Mata Multi State Urban Cooperative Credit Society Ltd. The Assessing Officer (AO) issued notice under Section 148 after obtaining necessary approvals, citing non-filing of return and unexplained deposits.

The Tribunal did not expressly rule on the validity of reopening but implicitly accepted the reopening as valid since it proceeded to examine the merits of the addition. The reopening was grounded on credible information about undisclosed income and non-filing of return, which are recognized triggers for reassessment under Section 147.

Issue 2: Addition under Section 69A of the Act

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 69A deals with unexplained money found credited in books of account or bank accounts. The burden lies on the assessee to explain the source of such deposits satisfactorily. Failure to do so results in deeming such deposits as income.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO added Rs. 8,55,18,650/- as unexplained cash deposits under Section 69A, relying on the assessee's failure to explain the source and non-filing of return. The AO observed that the assessee did not respond to multiple notices and did not provide any documentary evidence.

The assessee contended that the bank account was not opened by him, his PAN was misused, he was a minor at the time, and he lacked financial capacity to make such deposits. A police complaint was submitted to this effect.

The CIT(A) upheld the addition, noting absence of any police inquiry corroborating the assessee's claim and pointing to investigation wing findings that multiple accounts were operated with commission payments, indicating a modus operandi of misuse.

The Tribunal critically examined the procedural aspects and found a significant lack of inquiry by the tax authorities. It noted that the AO did not obtain crucial documents such as the account opening form, bank statements, or conduct inquiries with the bank branch to verify the identity of the person who opened and operated the account. The Tribunal emphasized that mere absence of police corroboration cannot justify confirming such a large addition, especially when the assessee consistently denied ownership and financial capacity.

Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal held that the onus was improperly shifted entirely on the assessee without adequate investigation by the Department. The Tribunal directed the AO to conduct a fresh inquiry, including obtaining bank records and verifying the identity of the account holder and depositor, before passing a reasoned order.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Tribunal gave due consideration to the Department's reliance on investigation wing reports and the CIT(A)'s observations but found these insufficient without proper inquiry and documentary evidence. The assessee's claim of PAN misuse and minority status was accepted as a plausible explanation requiring verification.

Conclusion: The addition under Section 69A was set aside and the matter remanded to the AO for de-novo consideration after detailed inquiry.

Issue 3: Penalty under Section 271(1)(c)

Section 271(1)(c) penalizes concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. The AO levied penalty based on the addition of unexplained income. The assessee challenged the penalty on the ground that the addition itself was not justified.

Since the quantum addition was remanded for fresh consideration, the Tribunal also set aside the penalty proceedings for de-novo adjudication. It observed that penalty proceedings are contingent on the quantum order and cannot be sustained independently.

Issue 4: Penalty under Section 271F

Section 271F penalizes failure to file a return of income within the prescribed time. The AO imposed penalty on this ground, noting non-filing despite large cash deposits.

The assessee contended that since the deposits were not made by him and the account was not his, the penalty was unjustified. The Tribunal, following its decision on the quantum issue, restored the penalty matter to the AO for fresh consideration after inquiry into the genuineness of the deposits and account ownership.

Significant Holdings and Core Principles Established:

1. The Tribunal underscored the necessity of a thorough inquiry by tax authorities before making additions on the basis of unexplained cash credits, especially where the assessee denies ownership and provides plausible explanations such as PAN misuse and minority.

2. The absence of corroborative police inquiry cannot be the sole basis for confirming additions; the Department must independently verify relevant bank records and conduct meaningful investigations.

3. Penalty proceedings under Sections 271(1)(c) and 271F are intrinsically linked to the quantum of income and must await the outcome of substantive assessment proceedings.

4. The onus of proof in cases of unexplained deposits remains on the assessee to explain the source; however, the Department must also discharge its duty to investigate and verify before concluding concealment or non-compliance.

Verbatim Crucial Legal Reasoning:

"In our considered view, there was an evident lack of inquiry by the concerned tax authorities and the entire onus was shifted on the assessee, who at that relevant time had just attained majority and apparently also did not have sufficient means to deposit such a huge amount in the bank account maintained with M/s. Shri Renuka Mata Multi State Urban Cooperative Credit Society Ltd."

"Lack of inquiry by the Police Department cannot be the basis for confirming such a huge amount in the hands of the assessee, especially keeping into light the fact that no further information / details were called from the concerned bank like account opening form, no inquiry being made as to who had opened the bank account and who was effectively operating such bank account / making deposits in such bank account by calling for information from the concerned Bank Manager."

"The matter is hereby restored to the file of Assessing Officer for de-novo consideration. The Assessing Officer is directed to call for necessary details from the concerned Branch Manager and carry out a detailed inquiry to ascertain whether it was the assessee who had opened this bank account and also responsible for making deposits in such bank account."