2025 (6) TMI 1845 - HC - GST

Violation of principles of natural justice - issuance of summary of SCN without issuing any SCN u/s 73 (1) of the CGST Act 2017 and the summary of order without passing any order u/s 73 (9) of the CGST Act 2017 - HELD THAT - Both the learned counsels for the parties submit that similar issue has already been dealt in order passed by a Coordinate Bench in Construction Catalysers Pvt. Ltd. Vs. the State of Assam and 2 others 2024 (10) TMI 279 - GAUHATI HIGH COURT . Accordingly this writ petition is having similar issue the determination made in said Construction Catalysers Pvt. Ltd shall cover the present case where it was held that This Court also cannot be unmindful of the fact that it is on account of certain technicalities and the manner in which the impugned orders were passed this Court interfered with the impugned orders and hence set aside and quashed the same. It is also relevant to take note of that the respondent authorities were under the impression that issuance of attachment of the determination of tax which was attached to the Summary of the Show Cause Notice would constitute a valid Show Cause Notice. Under such circumstances in the interest of justice this Court while setting aside the impugned Orders-in-Original as detailed out in the Appendix grants liberty to the respondent authorities to initiate de novo proceedings under Section 73 if deemed fit for the relevant financial year in question. The issue raised in Construction Catalysers Pvt. Ltd and the present petition is similar and therefore the determination made in Construction Catalysers Pvt. Ltd shall accordingly cover the present petition and as agreed to by the learned counsel for the parties the present writ petition stands disposed of by setting aside the summary of show cause notice dated 08.05.2024 and the summary of order dated 30.08.2024 in terms of the determination and conclusion arrived at para 29 of Construction Catalysers Pvt. Ltd. Petition disposed off.

2024 (10) TMI 279 - HC

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered by the Court are:

Whether the issuance of a summary of show cause notice under GST procedures, without issuance of a formal show cause notice under Section 73(1) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (CGST Act), is legally valid.
Whether the summary of order passed without a formal order under Section 73(9) of the CGST Act, and without affording an opportunity of hearing to the petitioner, complies with the statutory requirements.
Whether the summary documents (summary of show cause notice, summary of statement of determination, and summary of order) issued under GST forms (DRC-01, DRC-02, DRC-07) can substitute the formal notices and orders mandated under the CGST Act.
Whether the failure to issue a proper show cause notice and to provide an opportunity of hearing violates the principles of natural justice and statutory mandates under the CGST Act.
The legal consequences of initiating proceedings and passing orders under Section 73 of the CGST Act without adherence to procedural formalities.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Issue 1: Validity of Issuance of Summary of Show Cause Notice Without Formal Show Cause Notice under Section 73(1)

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 73(1) of the CGST Act mandates that the Proper Officer must issue a show cause notice to a person suspected of evading tax, thereby initiating recovery proceedings. The statutory scheme distinguishes between the show cause notice (Section 73(1)) and the statement of determination of tax (Section 73(3)). The GST procedural rules prescribe forms such as GST DRC-01 for summary of show cause notice and GST DRC-02 for summary of statement of determination.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court emphasized that the summary of show cause notice issued in GST DRC-01 form is not a substitute for the formal show cause notice under Section 73(1). The formal show cause notice is a mandatory prerequisite to invoke Section 73 proceedings. The summary notice merely provides a brief or condensed version but does not fulfill the legal requirement of issuance of a proper show cause notice by the Proper Officer.

Key Evidence and Findings: The respondents admitted that no formal show cause notice under Section 73(1) was issued, only the summary notice was issued. The Court found that the attachment to the summary notice was only the statement of determination under Section 73(3), which cannot replace the show cause notice.

Application of Law to Facts: Since the formal show cause notice was not issued, the initiation of proceedings under Section 73 was held to be invalid and bad in law.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondents contended that the summary notice sufficed for initiating proceedings. The Court rejected this, clarifying the distinction between summary documents and formal notices.

Conclusion: The issuance of a summary of show cause notice without a formal show cause notice under Section 73(1) is legally impermissible and renders the proceedings invalid.

Issue 2: Validity of Passing Summary of Order Without Formal Order under Section 73(9) and Without Opportunity of Hearing

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 73(9) requires that after the show cause notice and determination, the Proper Officer must pass a formal order. Section 75(4) mandates that the person affected be given an opportunity of hearing before passing such order. The GST procedural rules require authentication and proper issuance of orders.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court held that passing a summary of order without a formal order under Section 73(9) and without affording an opportunity of hearing violates statutory mandates and principles of natural justice. The summary order cannot substitute the formal order.

Key Evidence and Findings: The petitioner sought an opportunity of hearing which was not granted. The respondents failed to issue a formal order and instead passed a summary order.

Application of Law to Facts: The failure to provide hearing and to pass a formal order invalidated the summary order.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondents argued procedural compliance through summary orders. The Court rejected this, emphasizing the necessity of formal orders and hearings.

Conclusion: The summary order without a formal order and hearing is invalid and contrary to the CGST Act requirements.

Issue 3: Whether Summary Documents Can Substitute Formal Notices and Orders

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The CGST Act and Rules mandate issuance of formal notices and orders by the Proper Officer, authenticated as per Rule 26(3). Summary documents in GST DRC forms are intended for record-keeping and procedural convenience, not as substitutes for formal statutory notices.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court clarified that summary documents (summary of show cause notice, summary of statement, summary of order) do not dispense with the requirement of formal notices and orders. The statutory scheme requires proper issuance and authentication by the Proper Officer.

Key Evidence and Findings: The impugned proceedings relied solely on summary documents without formal notices or orders.

Application of Law to Facts: The reliance on summary documents alone was held to be insufficient and legally defective.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: Respondents argued that summary documents suffice. The Court held otherwise, emphasizing statutory mandates.

Conclusion: Summary documents cannot substitute formal show cause notices, statements, or orders under the CGST Act.

Issue 4: Violation of Principles of Natural Justice Due to Lack of Opportunity of Hearing

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 75(4) of the CGST Act and principles of natural justice require that before passing an order affecting rights or liabilities, the affected party must be given an opportunity of hearing.

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court found that no opportunity of hearing was given before passing the summary order, which is a violation of statutory and natural justice requirements.

Key Evidence and Findings: Petitioner's request for hearing was ignored, and summary order was passed.

Application of Law to Facts: The absence of hearing rendered the order invalid.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondents did not adequately justify the omission of hearing. The Court emphasized the mandatory nature of the hearing.

Conclusion: The failure to provide hearing before passing the order violates Section 75(4) and principles of natural justice.

Issue 5: Consequences of Non-Compliance and Directions for Future Proceedings

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The Court referred to prior decisions and procedural mandates under the CGST Act, including the computation of limitation periods under Section 73(10).

Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court set aside and quashed the impugned summary of show cause notice and summary of order as invalid. However, recognizing that the defect was procedural and technical, the Court granted liberty to the revenue authorities to initiate fresh proceedings de novo under Section 73, if deemed fit.

The Court also directed that the period from issuance of the impugned summary notices till the certified copy of the judgment is served on the Proper Officer be excluded from limitation calculations under Section 73(10).

Key Evidence and Findings: The impugned orders were passed on technical grounds without compliance of procedural safeguards.

Application of Law to Facts: The Court balanced strict compliance with procedural safeguards against the interest of justice by allowing fresh proceedings.

Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Court acknowledged the respondents' misunderstanding but emphasized adherence to statutory procedure.

Conclusion: The impugned orders are quashed; fresh proceedings may be initiated; limitation period is tolled during pendency of defective proceedings.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

The Court's crucial legal reasoning is encapsulated in the following verbatim excerpt from the prior decision relied upon:

"(A) The Summary of the Show Cause Notice in GST DRC-01 is not a substitute to the Show Cause Notice to be issued in terms with Section 73 (1) of the Central Act as well as the State Act. Irrespective of issuance of the Summary of the Show Cause Notice, the Proper Officer has to issue a Show Cause Notice to put the provision of Section 73 into motion.

(B) The Show Cause Notice to be issued in terms with Section 73 (1) of the Central Act or State Act cannot be confused with the Statement of the determination of tax to be issued in terms with Section 73 (3) of the Central Act or the State Act. ... initiation of the proceedings under Section 73 against the petitioners ... without the Show Cause Notice is bad in law and interfered with.

(C) ... The issuance of the Summary of the Show Cause Notice, Summary of the Statement and the Summary of the Order do not dispense with the requirement of issuance of a proper Show Cause Notice and Statement as well as passing of the Order as per the mandate of Section 73 by the Proper Officer. ... The Show Cause Notice, Statement as well as the Order are all required to be authenticated in the manner stipulated in Rule 26 (3) of the Rules of 2017.