2025 (6) TMI 402 - AT - Income Tax

Reopening of assessment u/s 147 - reason to believe - undisclosed investments in immovable property and bank deposits - HELD THAT - We find that the assessee had indeed filed the ITR and assessee had sufficient sources of funds for making the payment towards the purchase of the flat. This payment is reflected in the bank account maintained with Saraswat Co-operative Bank Ltd. AR specifically stated that the said amount was deposited by liquidating fixed deposits. The funds were deposited on three occasions. In our considered opinion AO s assumption that the cash deposits were unexplained is merely conjectural and not supported by facts. With respect to the applicability of Section 56(2)(viib) of the Act it is noted that this provision came into effect from 01/04/2014 relevant to AY 2014 15. However the impugned assessment year is AY 2011 12; hence this provision has no relevance to the present case. From the above discussion it is evident that the said amendment has no retrospective applicability. The assessee has adequately explained the source of investment through documentary evidence namely the maturity proceeds of fixed deposits credited to the aforementioned bank account. Addition made under Section 56(2)(viib) of the Act for the entire value of the stamp duty is wholly unjustified as the investment in the property was made during FY 2009 10 while the registration was carried out in the subsequent FY 2010 11. It is also observed that the assessee was unable to present her case effectively before the Ld. AO as well as the CIT(A). Assessee should be granted a reasonable opportunity to present her evidence before the authorities afresh. Accordingly we restore the matter to the file of the Ld. AO for a fresh examination in light of the observations made by the Bench.

The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in this appeal include:

(i) Whether the initiation of reassessment proceedings under section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 was justified, particularly in light of the fact that the assessee had filed a return of income for the relevant assessment year;

(ii) Whether the additions made by the Assessing Officer (AO) under section 144 read with section 147, on account of alleged undisclosed investments in immovable property and bank deposits, were justified;

(iii) Whether the provisions of section 56(2)(viib) of the Income Tax Act were applicable to the facts of the case, specifically regarding the addition of the difference between stamp duty value and consideration paid for the immovable property;

(iv) Whether the principles of natural justice were violated in the assessment and appellate proceedings, considering the non-service of notices and the personal circumstances of the assessee;

(v) Whether the delay in filing the appeal before the Tribunal was sufficiently explained and liable to be condoned.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Justification for Initiation of Reassessment Proceedings under Section 147

The relevant legal framework mandates that reassessment proceedings under section 147 can be initiated only if the AO has a "reason to believe" that income has escaped assessment. The AO's order erroneously stated that no return was filed by the assessee for the AY 2011-12, which was factually incorrect as the assessee had filed her return on 11.07.2011 declaring income of Rs. 1,08,000/-. This was supported by documentary evidence including the return acknowledgment.

The Court noted that the AO's assumption was based solely on third-party information regarding purchase of property and bank deposits without proper enquiry or verification of the filed return. The AO treated the stamp duty valuation of the property as undisclosed income without substantiating the source of funds or verifying the payment details. This approach was found to be conjectural and not grounded in evidence.

The Tribunal emphasized that the AO's failure to verify the existence of a filed return and the source of funds undermined the validity of the reassessment proceedings initiated under section 147.

2. Legitimacy of Additions Made under Section 144 read with Section 147

The AO made additions of Rs. 51,62,311/- on account of alleged undisclosed investments in property and bank deposits. The AO relied on the difference between the stamp duty value (Rs. 35,27,088/-) and the agreement value (Rs. 16,83,000/-) of the property, and also treated the time deposits of Rs. 16,35,223/- as unexplained income.

The assessee's representative produced detailed documentary evidence showing that the property was purchased in AY 2009-10, with payment made through bank cheques from the Saraswat Co-operative Bank, supported by bank statements and provisional registration documents. Furthermore, the payment was funded by maturity proceeds of fixed deposits amounting to Rs. 23,38,000/- credited to the bank account prior to the purchase.

The Tribunal found that the payments were duly accounted for and supported by credible evidence, negating the AO's assumption of undisclosed income. The AO's failure to verify these documents and reliance on ITD system data alone was criticized as insufficient for making additions.

3. Applicability of Section 56(2)(viib) Regarding Addition of Difference Between Stamp Duty Value and Consideration

Section 56(2)(viib) of the Income Tax Act pertains to receipt of immovable property without consideration or for inadequate consideration, with additions being made for the difference exceeding Rs. 50,000/- between stamp duty value and actual consideration. However, this provision was introduced by the Finance Act, 2013, effective from 01.04.2014, applicable from AY 2014-15 onwards.

The AO and the Department contended that the amendment was clarificatory and should apply retrospectively. The Tribunal examined the Memorandum explaining the Finance Act, 2013, which explicitly stated that the amendment was not clarificatory but a new provision to cover inadequate consideration cases.

Given that the assessment year under consideration was 2011-12, prior to the amendment's effective date, the Tribunal held that section 56(2)(viib) was not applicable. Moreover, the property was not acquired without consideration; the consideration was duly paid and documented.

4. Violation of Principles of Natural Justice

The assessee, an elderly and uneducated individual, was dependent on her late husband for managing financial and legal matters. Several notices were not served to the assessee, and the show cause notice was received only shortly before the ex-parte assessment order was passed. The husband, who was the registered user of the email ID for departmental communication, passed away during the appellate proceedings, resulting in the assessee being unaware of further communications, including the dismissal of her appeal by the CIT(A) for non-appearance.

The Tribunal acknowledged these circumstances as sufficient cause for the assessee's inability to participate effectively in the proceedings and held that the principles of natural justice were not observed. It directed that the assessee be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present her case afresh before the AO.

5. Delay in Filing Appeal Before the Tribunal

The appeal before the Tribunal was filed with a delay of approximately 555 days. The assessee submitted an affidavit explaining the delay, attributing it to the death of her husband and lack of awareness of the appellate order. The Department did not oppose the condonation of delay.

The Tribunal, satisfied with the explanation, condoned the delay and admitted the appeal for adjudication.

Significant Holdings:

The Tribunal held:

"The Ld. AO's assumption that the cash deposits were unexplained is merely conjectural and not supported by facts."

"The provisions of Section 56(2)(viib) of the Act have no retrospective applicability to AY 2011-12."

"The assessee has adequately explained the source of investment through documentary evidence, namely the maturity proceeds of fixed deposits credited to the bank account."

"The principles of natural justice were not complied with as the assessee was not given a fair opportunity to present her case, especially considering her personal circumstances."

"The matter is restored to the file of the AO for fresh examination with a direction to provide the assessee a fair opportunity of hearing."

Core principles established include the requirement that reassessment proceedings under section 147 must be based on a genuine reason to believe supported by facts, the non-retrospective nature of amendments to section 56(2)(viib), and the imperative of adherence to natural justice, especially when the assessee is incapacitated or unable to defend due to extraordinary circumstances.

Ultimately, the Tribunal allowed the appeal for statistical purposes, setting aside the ex-parte assessment order and the appellate order, and remanding the matter for fresh adjudication in a fair and just manner.

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