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Appeals against penalties under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: 1. The appeals were filed against penalties levied by the Assessing Officer under section 271(1)(c) for various assessment years. The assessments were reopened after a search and seizure action, leading to penalties being imposed based on rejected explanations by the assessee. 2. The deceased assessee was engaged in a transport business without maintaining proper accounts. The penalties were imposed on the basis of unexplained deposits/investments and rejection of the assessee's explanations. The CIT(A) had initially deleted substantial additions, but the Tribunal reversed these decisions, leading to the penalties under appeal. 3. The legal heir of the deceased assessee faced challenges in defending the case due to its age and the unavailability of necessary documents. The legal representative argued that penalties should not be imposed on them for the deceased's actions, citing the quasi-criminal nature of penalty proceedings and the principle that crimes die with the individual. 4. The legal representative contended that all trustees should have been heard before imposing penalties, as per a judgment from the Gauhati High Court. The Tribunal found merit in this argument, emphasizing the non-compliance with mandatory provisions of the Income-tax Act in levying penalties without hearing all trustees. 5. The Departmental Representative referred to a judgment from the Allahabad High Court supporting the imposition of penalties on legal representatives for inaccurate particulars furnished by the deceased. However, the Tribunal considered the specific circumstances of the case, including the age of the matters, the deceased status of the assessee, and the lack of substantial penalty amounts, leading to the cancellation of penalties. 6. The Tribunal highlighted the distinction between taxes and penalties, noting that penalties are imposed for contumacious conduct. Considering the peculiar facts of the case, the Tribunal decided to cancel the penalties, emphasizing that the decision should not be considered as a precedent due to its unique circumstances. 7. Ultimately, the appeals filed by the legal heir of the assessee were allowed, and the penalties under section 271(1)(c) were canceled, directing the refund of any collected penalty amounts. This detailed analysis covers the key issues and the Tribunal's rationale for canceling the penalties in the given legal judgment.
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