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Issues:
Whether the assessee, a clearing and shipping agent, is entitled to be assessed at the tax rates applicable to a professional firm. Analysis: The case involved the assessment of an international Clearing and Shipping Agency in Madras for the years 1978-79 to 1981-82. The assessee claimed to be taxed at a lower rate applicable to firms engaged in a profession. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal accepted the assessee's plea based on a similar decision by the Tribunal, Bombay Bench-D, in favor of another shipping and clearing agency. However, the Revenue contended that the activity of clearing, forwarding, and shipping agents does not constitute a "profession." The Bombay High Court, in a previous case, held that such activities do not amount to a profession and firms engaged in these activities are not entitled to the lower tax rate applicable to registered firms. The Court relied on earlier decisions to support its conclusion. The terms "business" and "profession" were defined in the Act, highlighting that a profession involves specialized knowledge, intellectual skill, and higher education. The practitioner's services are based on their training and personal qualifications, distinguishing it from commercial activities. The practice of a profession is not considered a commercial activity, and compensation is earned due to personal qualifications. The Tribunal was found to be in error in allowing the assessee to be taxed at rates applicable to a professional firm. The High Court concluded that the clearing and shipping agent's activities did not qualify as a profession based on intellectual attainments or specialized skills. Therefore, the answer to the question was in the negative, favoring the Revenue and against the assessee. The Revenue was awarded costs of Rs. 1,000.
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