1980 (2) TMI 36 - HC - Income Tax

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Jurisdiction of the competent authority to initiate acquisition proceedings under Chapter XX-A of the I.T. Act, 1961.
2. Conditions precedent for the exercise of powers under Section 269C of the I.T. Act.
3. Applicability of Chapter XX-A to the transfer between a holding company and its wholly-owned subsidiary.
4. Interpretation of "immovable property" under Section 269A(e) of the I.T. Act.
5. Constitutional validity of Section 269C(2)(a) of the I.T. Act.

Detailed Analysis:

1. Jurisdiction of the Competent Authority:
The court examined whether the competent authority had the jurisdiction to initiate acquisition proceedings under Chapter XX-A of the I.T. Act, 1961. The judgment emphasized that the jurisdiction under Article 226 at the stage of notice under Section 269D is very restricted. However, it is well-settled that if an authority proposes to take action without satisfying the conditions precedent prescribed by law, the High Court can interfere even at the initiation stage. The court decided to examine whether the initiation of proceedings for the acquisition of the properties was done after satisfying the conditions precedent prescribed for the exercise of powers under Chapter XX-A of the Act.

2. Conditions Precedent for the Exercise of Powers under Section 269C:
The court analyzed Section 269C, which requires the competent authority to have reason to believe that:
- The immovable property has a fair market value exceeding Rs. 25,000.
- The transfer was for an apparent consideration less than the fair market value.
- The consideration was not truly stated in the instrument of transfer with the object of facilitating tax evasion or concealment of income.

The court found that the competent authority must satisfy these conditions before initiating proceedings. The court held that the competent authority did not have sufficient material to satisfy these conditions, particularly regarding the object of facilitating tax evasion.

3. Applicability of Chapter XX-A to the Transfer between a Holding Company and its Wholly-Owned Subsidiary:
The court considered whether Chapter XX-A was applicable to the transfer from the holding company to its wholly-owned subsidiary at book value. The court noted that the transaction was a slump sale of the entire undertaking as a going concern, and the apparent consideration was the book value. The court held that the conditions enumerated in Section 269C(1)(a) were not satisfied, as there was no object of facilitating reduction or evasion of tax liability.

4. Interpretation of "Immovable Property" under Section 269A(e):
The court examined the definition of "immovable property" under Section 269A(e) and concluded that the sale of an undertaking as a whole, together with goodwill and all its assets, does not constitute a sale of immovable property. The court noted that the transfer was of the entire business as a going concern, not individual items of property. Therefore, the provisions of Chapter XX-A were not attracted.

5. Constitutional Validity of Section 269C(2)(a):
The learned Advocate-General initially challenged the constitutional validity of Section 269C(2)(a) but did not press this submission in view of the High Court's decision in CIT v. Vimlaben Bhagwandas Patel, which held that the presumption under Section 269C(2)(a) is rebuttable. The court did not find it necessary to address this issue further.

Conclusion:
The court concluded that the conditions precedent for the exercise of jurisdiction under Section 269C(1)(a) were not satisfied, as the transfer was between a holding company and its wholly-owned subsidiary at book value, and there was no object of facilitating tax evasion. The court quashed and set aside the notices issued under Section 269D(1) and directed the respondents to desist from taking any action pursuant to the notices. The court made the rule absolute and awarded costs to the petitioners.