2025 (5) TMI 593 - AT - Income Tax

Additions towards sale consideration u/s 68 - unexplained cash credit - investigation report of Income Tax Department Kolkata which refers to certain companies and individuals who were involved in providing entries of bogus long-term capital gains to various persons and in the said report the name of the scrip Turbotech Engineering Ltd. was also referred. HELD THAT - Long-term capital gains declared by the assessee from sale of shares of Turbotech Engineering Ltd is genuine which is supported by necessary evidences. AO and CIT(A) without appreciating relevant facts simply made additions towards consideration received towards sale of shares as unexplained cash credit u/s 68 of the Act. Thus we set aside the order of the Ld.CIT(A) and direct the Assessing Officer to delete the additions made towards long-term capital gains derived from sale of shares u/s 68. Addition u/s 69C - Also to delete the additions made towards alleged commission expenditure because the said addition is in consequence to addition made by the AO towards unexplained cash credit u/s 68 of the Act. Appeal filed by the assessee is allowed.

Summary

The core legal questions considered in this appeal pertain to the genuineness of long-term capital gains declared by the assessee from the sale of shares of Turbotech Engineering Ltd. Specifically, the issues are:

1. Whether the long-term capital gains declared by the assessee from the sale of shares of Turbotech Engineering Ltd. are genuine or represent unexplained cash credits liable to be added under section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

2. Whether the Assessing Officer's reliance on investigation reports, statements recorded during survey proceedings, and interim SEBI orders is sufficient to treat the declared capital gains as bogus and justify additions.

3. Whether the assessee was afforded adequate opportunity to rebut the allegations based on investigation reports and statements recorded under section 131 of the Act.

4. The validity of additions made towards alleged commission expenditure paid to brokers facilitating the transactions.

5. The applicability and interpretation of judicial precedents, including the binding effect of Supreme Court decisions on similar issues.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Genuineness of Long-Term Capital Gains and Addition under Section 68

The legal framework under section 68 of the Income Tax Act provides that unexplained cash credits can be added to the income of the assessee if the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the nature and source of such credits. The Assessing Officer invoked this provision to treat the declared long-term capital gains as unexplained cash credit, relying primarily on an investigation report from Kolkata and statements recorded from certain individuals, including brokers, alleging a modus operandi of entry providers facilitating bogus capital gains.

However, the assessee furnished comprehensive evidence including purchase and sale details of shares, Demat account statements, bank transaction records, and confirmation letters from parties involved in off-market transactions. The Assessing Officer did not dispute the physical existence of these transactions or the banking channels used. The Tribunal found that the Assessing Officer and the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) failed to conduct further inquiry or provide the assessee with the investigation report and statements for cross-examination or rebuttal, which is a significant procedural lapse.

The Tribunal emphasized that mere reliance on investigation reports and statements without furnishing the same to the assessee or conducting further inquiries does not suffice to treat the gains as bogus. The Tribunal also noted that the assessee's transactions were executed through recognized stock exchange mechanisms and proper banking channels, which supports the genuineness of the capital gains.

2. Reliance on Investigation Reports, Statements Recorded under Section 131, and SEBI Orders

The Assessing Officer relied heavily on an interim SEBI order suspending trading in shares of Turbotech Engineering Ltd. and investigation reports indicating the involvement of entry providers in bogus capital gains schemes. The assessee countered this by producing the final SEBI order in a related matter (Haresh Infrastructure Private Ltd.) which gave a clean chit to the company involved in facilitating transactions, thereby undermining the basis of the Assessing Officer's additions.

The Tribunal noted that the interim SEBI order cannot be a conclusive basis for additions, especially when a final order exonerates the parties involved. Furthermore, the Tribunal highlighted the principle that statements recorded under section 131 during survey proceedings under section 133A have limited evidentiary value, especially when such statements are retracted or contradicted by subsequent affidavits, as was the case here.

Judicial precedents were cited to reinforce that additions cannot be sustained solely on the basis of such statements without corroborative evidence. The Tribunal referred to the Supreme Court's decision that statements recorded during surveys under section 133A do not have evidentiary value unless supported by other material.

3. Opportunity to Rebut and Procedural Fairness

The Tribunal underscored that the Assessing Officer did not furnish the investigation report or statements recorded from other individuals to the assessee for cross-examination or rebuttal. This omission violated principles of natural justice and procedural fairness, weakening the basis for additions. The Tribunal relied on precedents holding that the assessee must be given an opportunity to meet adverse material before additions are made.

4. Addition of Commission Expenditure

The Assessing Officer made an addition of Rs. 4,61,484/- towards commission paid to brokers facilitating the transactions, treating it as unexplained expenditure linked to the bogus capital gains. Since the Tribunal set aside the addition under section 68 relating to the capital gains themselves, it also directed deletion of the commission expenditure addition, as it was consequential to the primary addition.

5. Judicial Precedents and Binding Authority

The assessee relied on a coordinate bench decision of the Tribunal in a similar case involving Turbotech Engineering Ltd., where identical issues were adjudicated, and the additions under section 68 were deleted. The Tribunal found this precedent persuasive and consistent with Supreme Court rulings.

The Tribunal extensively discussed the Supreme Court's judgment in a case where the Court held that if the assessee discharges the onus of proving the genuineness of long-term capital gains by furnishing purchase and sale documents, Demat account statements, and bank records, then the gains cannot be treated as bogus merely on suspicion or unsubstantiated allegations.

The Tribunal also distinguished contrary coordinate bench decisions relied upon by the Revenue on the ground that the Supreme Court's ruling is binding and overrides such contradictory decisions.

Conclusions:

The Tribunal concluded that the long-term capital gains declared by the assessee from the sale of shares of Turbotech Engineering Ltd. are genuine and supported by credible evidence. The additions made under section 68 of the Income Tax Act on the basis of investigation reports, statements recorded during survey, and interim SEBI orders were not sustainable due to lack of corroborative evidence, procedural lapses, and failure to provide the assessee an opportunity to rebut the adverse material.

The Tribunal set aside the orders of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and directed the Assessing Officer to delete the additions made towards unexplained cash credit under section 68 and consequential commission expenditure.

Significant Holdings:

"The Assessing Officer merely, on the basis of investigation report, coupled with statements recorded from few individuals, came to the conclusion that the long term capital gains declared by the assessee is bogus in nature, which is taxable u/s 68 of the Act as unexplained cash credit, without carrying out further enquiries, either by furnishing relevant investigation report and statement of the persons to the assessee for his cross examination and rebuttal."

"The addition cannot be made on the basis of statement recorded u/s 131 during the course of survey u/s 133A of the I.T. Act, 1961, but it should be supported by corroborative evidences and in absence of any evidence, no addition can be made on the basis of statement alone."

"Where the assessee individual engaged in trading of shares had discharged his onus of establishing Long-Term Capital Gain arising out of sale of different shares as fair and transparent by submitting record of purchase and sales bills, demat statement etc., and thus not being earned from bogus company was eligible for exemption u/s 10(38) of the Act."

"The Assessing Officer does not have the power to examine any person on oath during survey u/s 133A of the I.T. Act, 1961. Further, the statement recorded u/s 131 during the course of survey has no evidentiary value and any admission made during such statement cannot be made the basis of addition."

"Once necessary evidence has been filed to prove purchase and sale of shares including Demat statement etc., then the Long-Term Capital Gain derived from sale of shares was to be allowed u/s 10(38) of the I.T. Act, 1961."

The Tribunal's final determination was to allow the appeal, set aside the additions made under section 68 of the Act, and delete the consequential commission expenditure additions, affirming the genuineness of the long-term capital gains declared by the assessee.