Section 17 - Salary, perquisite and profits in lieu of salary defined - Income-tax Act, 1961

Salary , perquisite and profits in lieu of salary defined. 17. For the purposes of sections 15 and 16 and of this section,- (1) salary includes- (i) wages; (ii) any annuity or pension; (iii) any gratuity; (iv) any fees, commissions, perquisites or profits in lieu of or in addition to any salary or wages; (v) any advance of salary; 1 [ (va) any payment received by an employee in respect of any period of leave not availed of by him; ] (vi) the annual accretion to the balance at the credit of an employee participating in a recognised provident fund, to the extent to which it is chargeable to tax under rule 6 of Part A of the Fourth Schedule; (vii) the aggregate of all sums that are comprised in the transferred balance as referred to in sub-rule (2) of rule 11 of Part A of the Fourth Schedule of an employee participating in a recognised provident fund, to the extent to which it is chargeable to tax under sub-rule (4) thereof; and 2 [ (viii) the contribution made by the Central Government 3 [ or any other employer ] in the previous year, to the account of an employee under a pension scheme referred to in section 80CCD; ] 39 [ (ix) the contribution made by the Central Government in the previous year, to the Agniveer Corpus Fund account of an individual enrolled in the Agnipath Scheme referred to in section 80CCH; ] (2) perquisite includes- (i) the value of rent-free accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer 40 [ computed in such manner as may be prescribed ] ; 41 [ (ii) the value of any accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer at a concessional rate. Explanation. For the purposes of this sub-clause, it is clarified that accommodation shall be deemed to have been provided at a concessional rate, if the value of accommodation computed in such manner as may be prescribed, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; ] (iii) the value of any benefit or amenity granted or provided free of cost or at concessional rate in any of the following cases- (a) by a company to an employee who is a director thereof; (b) by a company to an employee being a person who has a substantial interest in the company; (c) by any employer (including a company) to an employee to whom the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this sub-clause do not apply and whose income 7 [ under the head Salaries (whether due from, or paid or allowed by, one or more employers), exclusive of the value of all benefits or amenities not provided for by way of monetary payment, exceeds 42 [ such amount as may be prescribed ]:] 9 [ 10 [***]]] 12 [Explanation. -For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the use of any vehicle provided by a company or an employer for journey by the assessee from his residence to his office or other place of work, or from such office or place to his resi dence, shall not be regarded as a benefit or amenity granted or provided to him free of cost or at concessional rate for the purposes of this sub-clause ;] (iiia) 13 [ *** ] (iv) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any obligation which, but for such payment, would have been payable by the assessee; (v) any sum payable by the employer, whether directly or through a fund, other than a recognised provident fund or an approved superannuation fund 14 [ or a Deposit-linked Insurance Fund established under section 3G of the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1948 (46 of 1948), or, as the case may be, section 6C of the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of 1952) ] , to effect an assurance on the life of the assessee or to effect a contract for an 33 [ annuity ] 25 [ **** ] 15 [ (vi) the value of any specified security or sweat equity shares allotted or transferred, directly or indirectly, by the employer, or former employer, free of cost or at concessional rate to the assessee. Explanation .- For the purposes of this sub-clause,- (a) specified security means the securities as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956) and, where employees stock option has been granted under any plan or scheme therefor, includes the securities offered under such plan or scheme; (b) sweat equity shares means equity shares issued by a company to its employees or directors at a discount or for consideration other than cash for providing know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called; (c) the value of any specified security or sweat equity shares shall be the fair market value of the specified security or sweat equity shares, as the case may be, on the date on which the option is exercised by the assessee as reduced by the amount actually paid by, or recovered from, the assessee in respect of such security or shares; (d) fair market value means the value determined in accordance with the method as may be prescribed; (e) option means a right but not an obligation granted to an employee to apply for the specified security or sweat equity shares at a predetermined price; 37 [ (vii) the amount or the aggregate of amounts of any contribution made to the account of the assessee by the employer (a) in a recognised provident fund; (b) in the scheme referred to in sub-section (1) of section 80CCD; and (c) in an approved superannuation fund, to the extent it exceeds seven lakh and fifty thousand rupees in a previous year; (viia) the annual accretion by way of interest, dividend or any other amount of similar nature during the previous year to the balance at the credit of the fund or scheme referred to in sub-clause (vii) to the extent it relates to the contribution referred to in the said sub-clause which is included in total income under the said sub-clause in any previous year computed in such manner as may be prescribed; and ] (viii) the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity as may be prescribed: ] 16 [Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to,- (i) the value of any medical treatment provided to an employee or any member of his family in any hospital maintained by the employer; 17 [ (ii) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or treatment of any member of his family- (a) in any hospital maintained by the Government or any local authority or any other hospital approved by the Govern ment for the purposes of medical treatment of its employees; (b) in respect of the prescribed diseases or ailments, in any hospital approved by the 34 [ Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner ] having regard to the prescribed guidelines : Provided that, in a case falling in sub-clause (b), the employee shall attach with his return of income a certificate from the hospital specifying the disease or ailment for which medical treatment was required and the receipt for the amount paid to the hospital; ] 38 [ (c) in respect of any illness relating to COVID-19 subject to such conditions as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf: ] (iii) any portion of the premium paid by an employer in relation to an employee, to effect or to keep in force an insur ance on the health of such employee under any scheme approved by the Central Government 18 [ or the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999), ] for the purposes of clause (ib) of sub-section (1) of section 36; (iv) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any premium paid by the employee to effect or to keep in force an insurance on his health or the health of any member of his family under any scheme approved by the Central Government 19 [ or the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999), ] for the purposes of section 80D; 36 [ **** ] (vi) any expenditure incurred by the employer on- (1) medical treatment of the employee, or any member of the family of such employee, outside India; (2) travel 21 [ and ] stay abroad of the employee or any member of the family of such employee for medical treatment; (3) travel and stay abroad of one attendant who accompanies the patient in connection with such treatment, 22 [ subject to the condition that- (A) the expenditure on medical treatment and stay abroad shall be excluded from perquisite only to the extent permitted by the Reserve Bank of India; and (B) the expenditure on travel shall be excluded from perquisite only in the case of an employee whose gross total income, as computed before including therein the said expenditure, does not exceed 43 [ such amount as may be prescribed ];] (vii) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee for any of the purposes specified in clause (vi) subject to the conditions specified in or under that clause : 23 [Provided further that for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April, 2002, nothing contained in this clause shall apply to any employee whose income under the head Salaries (whether due from, or paid or allowed by, one or more employers) exclusive of the value of all perquisites not provided for by way of monetary payment, does not exceed one lakh rupees. ] Explanation .-For the purposes of clause (2),- (i) hospital includes a dispensary or a clinic 24 [ or a nursing home ]; (ii) family , in relation to an individual, shall have the same meaning as in clause (5) of section 10; and (iii) gross total income shall have the same meaning as in clause (5) of section 80B; ] (3) profits in lieu of salary includes- (i) the amount of any compensation due to or received by an assessee from his employer or former employer at or in connection with the termination of his employment or the modification of the terms and conditions relating thereto; (ii) any payment (other than any payment referred to in clause (10) 26 [ , clause (10A) ] 27 [, clause (10B) ], clause (11), 28 [ clause (12) 29 [ , clause (13) ] or clause (13A) ] of section 10), due to or received by an assessee from an employer or a former employer or from a provident or other fund 30 [ **** ] , to the extent to which it does not consist of contributions by the assessee or 31 [ interest on such contributions or any sum received under a Keyman insurance policy including the sum allocated by way of bonus on such policy. Explanation .-For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression Keyman insurance policy shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (10D) of section 10 ;] 32 [ (iii) any amount due to or received, whether in lump sum or otherwise, by any assessee from any person- (A) before his joining any employment with that person; or (B) after cessation of his employment with that person. ] ***************** NOTES:- 1. Inserted vide Section 7 of the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984 w.e.f. 01-04-1978 2. Inserted vide Section 7 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004 w.e.f. 01-04-2004 3. Inserted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2007 w.e.f. 01-04-2004 4. Inserted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2007 w.e.f. 01-04-2002 5. Substituted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2007 w.e.f. 01-04-2006 before it was read as, (a) in a case where an unfurnished accommodation is provided by any employer other than the Central Government or any State Government and- (i) the accommodation is owned by the employer, the value of the accommodation determined at the rate of ten per cent of salary in cities having population exceeding four lakhs as per 1991 census and seven and one-half per cent of salary in other cities, in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; (ii) the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the employer, the value of the accommodation being the actual amount of lease rental paid or payable by the employer or ten per cent of salary, whichever is lower, in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; 6. Inserted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2007 w.e.f. 01-04-2006 7. Substituted vide Section 6 of the Finance Act, 1985 w.e.f. 01-04-1986 before it was read as, under the head Salaries , exclusive of the value of all benefits or amenities not provided for by way of monetary payment, exceeds eighteen thousand rupees; 8. Substituted vide Section 13 of the Finance Act, 2001 w.e.f. 01-04-2002 before it was read as, twenty-four 9. Inserted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2000 w.e.f. 01-04-2001 10. Omitted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2007 w.e.f. 01-04-2008 before it was read as, Provided that nothing contained in this sub-clause shall apply to the value of any benefit provided by a company free of cost or at a concessional rate to its employees by way of allotment of shares, debentures or warrants directly or indirectly under 11 [ any Employees Stock Option Plan or Scheme of the company offered to such employees in accordance with the guidelines issued in this behalf by the Central Government 11. Substituted vide Section 13 of the Finance Act, 2001 w.e.f. 01-04-2001 before it was read as, the Employees Stock Option Plan or Scheme of the said company 12. Inserted vide Section 6 of the Finance Act, 1989 w.e.f. 01-04-1990 13. Omitted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2000 w.e.f. 01-04-2001 before it was read as, (iiia) the value of any specified security allotted or transferred, directly or indirectly, by any person free of cost or at concessional rate, to an individual who is or has been in employment of that person : Provided that in a case where allotment or transfer of specified securities is made in pursuance of an option exercised by an individual, the value of the specified securities shall be taxable in the previous year in which such option is exercised by such individual. Explanation. - For the purposes of this clause, - (a) cost means the amount actually paid for acquiring specified securities and where no money has been paid, the cost shall be taken as nil; (b) specified security means the securities as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956) and includes employees stock option and sweat equity shares; (c) sweat equity shares means equity shares issued by a company to its employees or directors at a discount or for consideration other than cash for providing know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called; and (d) value means the difference between the fair market value and the cost for acquiring specified securities. Earlier , Inserted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 1999 w.e.f. 01-04-2000. 14. Inserted vide Section 40 of the Labour Provident Fund Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976 w.e.f. 01-08-1976 15. Substituted vide Section 9 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2009 w.e.f. 01-04-2010 before it was read as, ( vi ) the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity (excluding the fringe benefits chargeable to tax under Chapter XII-H) as may be prescribed: . Earlier Substituted vide Section 7 of the Finance Act, 2005 w.e.f. 01-04-2006 before it was read as, (vi) the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity as may be prescribed. And was , Inserted vide Section 13 of the Finance Act, 2001 w.e.f. 01-04-2002 16. Inserted vide Section 9 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991 w.e.f. 01-04-1991 17. Substituted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 1994 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 before it was read as, (ii) any sum paid by the employer - (a) in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or treatment of any member of his family in any hospital maintained by the Government or any local authority or any other hospital approved by the Government for the purposes of medical treatment of its employees; (b) directly to a hospital, approved by the Chief Commissioner having regard to the prescribed guidelines for the purposes of medical treatment of the prescribed diseases or ailments, on account of such treatment of the employee or any member of his family; Earlier , Amended vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 1992 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 18. Inserted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 2006 w.e.f. 01-04-2007 19. Inserted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 2006 w.e.f. 01-04-2007 20. Substituted vide Section 7 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998 w.e.f. 01-04-1999 before it was read as, ten 21. Substituted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 1993 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 before it was read as, or 22. Substituted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 1993 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 before it was read as, subject to the condition that the expenditure on travel referred to in sub-clauses ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) of this clause shall be excluded from perquisite only in the case of an employee whose gross total income, as computed before including therein the said expendi ture, does not exceed two lakh rupees and subject to such further conditions and limits in relation to such expenditure as the Board may, having regard to the guidelines, if any, issued by the Reserve Bank or India in this behalf, prescribe; Earlier , Amended vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 1992 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 23. Inserted vide Section 11 of the Finance Act, 2002 w.e.f. 01-04-2002 24. Inserted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 1992 w.e.f. 01-04-1993 25. Omitted vide Section 6 of the Finance Act, 1985 w.e.f. 01-04-1985 before it was read as, (vi) where the employer has advanced any loan to the employee for the purpose of building a house or purchasing a site or a house and a site or for purchasing a motor car, and either no interest is charged by the employer on the amount of such loan or interest is charged at a rate lower than the rate of interest which the Central Government may, having regard to the rate of interest charged by it from its employees on loans for such purpose granted to them, specify in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette, an amount equal to, (a) in a case where such loan is advanced without charging any interest, the interest calculated in the prescribed manner on such loan at the rate so specified; (b) in a case where such loan is advanced by charging interest at a rate lower than the rate so specified, the difference between the interest calculated in the prescribed manner on such loan at the rate so specified and the interest charged by the employer: Provided that this sub-clause shall not apply in the case of (1) an employee of the Central Government or any State Government; or (2) an employee, not being an employee referred to in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of sub-clause (iii), whose income under the head Salaries , exclusive of the value of all benefits or amenities not provided for by way of monetary payment, does not exceed eighteen thousand rupees; Earlier , Inserted vide Section 7 of the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984 w.e.f. 01-04-1985 26. Inserted vide Section 4 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965 w.e.f. 01-04-1962 27. Inserted vide Section 24 of the Finance Act, 1975 w.e.f. 01-04-1976 28. Substituted vide Section 4 of the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1964 w.e.f. 06-10-1964 before it was read as, or clause (12) 29. Inserted vide Section 6 of the Finance Act, 1995 w.e.f. 01-04-1996 30. Omitted vide Section 6 of the Finance Act, 1995 w.e.f. 01-04-1996 before it was read as, (not being an approved superannuation fund) 31. Substituted vide Section 8 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996 w.e.f. 01-10-1996 before it was read as, interest on such contributions 32. Inserted vide Section 13 of the Finance Act, 2001 w.e.f. 01-04-2002 33. Substituted vide Section 9 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2009 w.e.f. 01-04-2010 before it was read as, annuity; and 34. Substituted vide Section 4 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2014 w.e.f. 01-06-2013 before it was read as, Chief Commissioner 35. Substituted vide Section 9 of the Finance Act, 2016 w.e.f. 01-04-2017 before it was read as, one lakh rupees 36. Omitted vide Section 8 of the Finance Act, 2018 w.e.f. 01-04-2019 before it was read as, ( v ) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or treatment of any member of his family [ other than the treat ment referred to in clauses ( i ) and ( ii ) ]; so, however, that such sum does not exceed 20 [ fifteen ] thousand rupees in the previous year; 37. Substituted vide Section 13 of the Finance Act, 2020 w.e.f. 01-06-2020 before it was read as, (vii) the amount of any contribution to an approved superannuation fund by the employer in respect of the assessee, to the extent it exceeds 35 [ one lakh and fifty thousand rupees ] ; and 38. Inserted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2020 39. Inserted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 2023 w.e.f. 01-04-2023 40. Inserted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 2023 w.e.f. 01-04-2024 41. Substituted vide Section 10 of the Finance Act, 2023 w.e.f. 01-04-2024 before it was read as, (ii) the value of any concession in the matter of rent respecting any accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer; 4 [Explanation 1.- For the purposes of this sub-clause, concession in the matter of rent shall be deemed to have been provided if,- 5 [ (a) in a case where an unfurnished accommodation is provided by any employer other than the Central Government or any State Government and- (i) the accommodation is owned by the employer, the value of the accommodation determined at the specified rate in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; (ii) the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the employer, the value of the accommodation being the actual amount of lease rental paid or payable by the employer or fifteen per cent of salary, whichever is lower, in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; ] (b) in a case where a furnished accommodation is provided by the Central Government or any State Government, the licence fee determined by the Central Government or any State Government in respect of the accommodation in accordance with the rules framed by such Government as increased by the value of furniture and fixtures in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the aggregate of the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee and any charges paid or payable for the furniture and fixtures by the assessee; (c) in a case where a furnished accommodation is provided by an employer other than Central Government or any State Government and- (i) the accommodation is owned by the employer, the value of the accommodation determined under sub-clause (i) of clause (a) as increased by the value of the furniture and fixtures in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; (ii) the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the employer, the value of the accommodation determined under sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) as increased by the value of the furniture and fixtures in respect of the period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee; (d) in a case where the accommodation is provided by the employer in a hotel (except where the assessee is provided such accommodation for a period not exceeding in aggregate fifteen days on his transfer from one place to another), the value of the accommodation determined at the rate of twenty-four per cent of salary paid or payable for the previous year or the actual charges paid or payable to such hotel, whichever is lower, for the period during which such accommodation is provided, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee. Explanation 2.- For the purposes of this sub-clause, value of furniture and fixture shall be ten per cent per annum of the cost of furniture (including television sets, radio sets, refrigerators, other household appliances, air-conditioning plant or equipment or other similar appliances or gadgets) or if such furniture is hired from a third party, the actual hire charges payable for the same as reduced by any charges paid or payable for the same by the assessee during the previous year. Explanation 3.- For the purposes of this sub-clause, salary includes the pay, allowances, bonus or commission payable monthly or otherwise or any monetary payment, by whatever name called, from one or more employers, as the case may be, but does not include the following, namely:- (a) dearness allowance or dearness pay unless it enters into the computation of superannuation or retirement benefits of the employee concerned; (b) employer s contribution to the provident fund account of the employee; (c) allowances which are exempted from the payment of tax; (d) value of the perquisites specified in this clause; (e) any payment or expenditure specifically excluded under the proviso to this clause .] 6 [Explanation 4. -For the purposes of this sub-clause, specified rate shall be- (i) fifteen per cent of salary in cities having population exceeding twenty-five lakhs as per 2001 census; (ii) ten per cent of salary in cities having population exceeding ten lakhs but not exceeding twenty-five lakhs as per 2001 census; and (iii) seven and one-half per cent of salary in any other place; ] 42. Substituted vide Section 9 of the Finance Act, 2025 dated 29-03-2025 w.e.f. 01-04-2026 before it was read as, 8 [ fifty ] thousand rupees 43. Substituted vide Section 9 of the Finance Act, 2025 dated 29-03-2025 w.e.f. 01-04-2026 before it was read as, two lakh rupees