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Issues involved: Determination of whether an assessee-firm qualifies as an industrial undertaking for deductions u/s 80HH, 80-I, and 80J of the IT Act, 1961 based on its activities involving chicory roots processing and manufacturing.
Summary: The High Court of Madras considered the case involving an assessee purchasing chicory roots from farmers, processing them into chicory powder through roasting and grinding, and selling the final product. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) and the Appellate Authority denied the assessee's claim for deductions under relevant sections, stating the activity was trading, not manufacturing. However, the Tribunal, noting the assessee's registration as a small-scale industry, deemed the activity as manufacturing. The Revenue challenged this view, citing a previous court ruling on chicory powder preparation not constituting consumption. The assessee argued that the processed chicory powder was a distinct commercial article from the roots, citing legal precedents on manufacturing distinctions. The Court emphasized the need for a change in identity for manufacturing, referencing judgments on rice processing, ginning, and stone crushing as manufacturing processes. Ultimately, the Court held that the chicory roots and powder retained a common identity as chicory, thus not meeting the criteria for manufacturing. The Court ruled in favor of the Revenue, denying the assessee's claim for deductions. This judgment clarifies the distinction between trading and manufacturing activities, emphasizing the requirement for a change in identity to constitute manufacturing under relevant tax provisions.
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