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Issues:
Assessment based on change in accounting method - Valuation of stocks at market price - Compliance with Income-tax Act, 1922 - Application of Section 13 - Legal validity of assessment for the year 1941-42. Analysis: The case involved an assessee, a merchant dealing in metals, who changed his method of accounting for the Samvat year 1995-1996 by valuing stocks at market price instead of cost price, resulting in increased profits. The change was made in anticipation of the Excess Profits Tax Act coming into force. The Income-tax Officer initially accepted this change but later revised the assessment for the following year, 1941-42, by valuing stocks at cost price, adding to the total income. The issue was whether this revision was legal under the Income-tax Act, 1922. Section 13 of the Income-tax Act, 1922, governs the method of accounting, allowing computation of income based on the method regularly employed by the assessee. However, if the Income-tax Officer deems the method unsuitable for accurate assessment, he can determine an alternative basis. The Privy Council in a previous case emphasized the Officer's discretion in adopting a method ensuring a satisfactory assessment. Referring to precedent, the Court highlighted the principle that in valuing closing stock, the assessee should choose the lower of cost price or market price, favoring the trader. In this case, the assessee's regular method was cost price valuation at the beginning and end of the year. As the market price was significantly higher, the Income-tax Officer's decision to value stocks at cost price for 1996 was deemed appropriate and lawful. The Officer also offered to rectify the assessment for the previous year under Section 35 of the Act. The Court upheld the Income-tax Officer's authority to adopt the cost price valuation for the Samvat year 1996, affirming the legality of the assessment for 1941-42. The Commissioner of Income-tax undertook to revise the assessment for the year 1940-41, valuing stocks at cost price, and adjusting the tax repayable to the assessee accordingly. The Commissioner was awarded costs amounting to Rs. 250. In conclusion, the Court ruled in favor of the Income-tax Officer's valuation method, emphasizing compliance with the Income-tax Act, 1922, and the Officer's discretion in ensuring accurate assessments. The judgment clarified the application of accounting principles and upheld the legality of the revised assessment for the year 1941-42, with necessary adjustments for the preceding year.
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